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Spatial relation reasoning is a crucial task for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to understand the objective world. However, current benchmarks have issues like relying on bounding boxes, ignoring perspective substitutions, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jingping Liu , Ziyan Liu , Zhedong Cen , Yan Zhou , Yinan Zou , Weiyan Zhang , Haiyun Jiang , Tong Ruan

Comprehending text-rich visual content is paramount for the practical application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), since text-rich scenarios are ubiquitous in the real world, which are characterized by the presence of extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yi Chen , Yixiao Ge , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Deep Research Agents (DRAs) generate citation-rich reports via multi-step search and synthesis, yet existing benchmarks mainly target text-only settings or short-form multimodal QA, missing end-to-end multimodal evidence use. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Peizhou Huang , Zixuan Zhong , Zhongwei Wan , Donghao Zhou , Samiul Alam , Xin Wang , Zexin Li , Zhihao Dou , Li Zhu , Jing Xiong , Chaofan Tao , Yan Xu , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Tuo Zhang , Mi Zhang

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities across various tasks by integrating textual and visual information to achieve visual understanding in complex scenarios. Despite the availability of several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhihuan Jiang , Zhen Yang , Jinhao Chen , Zhengxiao Du , Weihan Wang , Bin Xu , Jie Tang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have made substantial advances in reasoning tasks at the Olympiad level. Nevertheless, current Olympiad-level multimodal reasoning benchmarks for these models often emphasize single-image analysis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Qiguang Chen , Chengyu Luan , Jiajun Wu , Qiming Yu , Yi Yang , Yizhuo Li , Jingqi Tong , Xiachong Feng , Libo Qin , Wanxiang Che

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. These models not only excel in traditional vision-language tasks but also demonstrate impressive performance in contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaotian Han , Quanzeng You , Yongfei Liu , Wentao Chen , Huangjie Zheng , Khalil Mrini , Xudong Lin , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Jianbo Yuan , Heng Wang , Hongxia Yang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant advances in visual understanding tasks. However, their capacity to comprehend human-centric scenes has rarely been explored, primarily due to the absence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yuansen Liu , Haiming Tang , Jinlong Peng , Jiangning Zhang , Xiaozhong Ji , Qingdong He , Wenbin Wu , Donghao Luo , Zhenye Gan , Junwei Zhu , Yunhang Shen , Chaoyou Fu , Chengjie Wang , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promise on publicly available dermatology benchmarks. However, benchmark performance may not generalize to real-world dermatologic decision-making. To quantify this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Roy Jiang , Hyunjae Kim , Zhenyue Qin , Morten Lee , Margaret MacGibeny , Ailish Hanly , Angela Sadlowski , Shanin Chowdhury , Xuguang Ai , Jeffrey Gehlhausen , Qingyu Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency on general-purpose vision-language benchmarks, reaching or even exceeding human-level performance. However, these evaluations typically rely on standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenjin Hou , Wei Liu , Han Hu , Xiaoxiao Sun , Serena Yeung-Levy , Hehe Fan

Despite significant progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their clinical reasoning capacity for multi-modal diagnosis remains largely unexamined. Current benchmarks, mostly single-modality data, can't evaluate progressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gui Wang , Zehao Zhong , YongSong Zhou , Yudong Li , Ende Wu , Wooi Ping Cheah , Rong Qu , Jianfeng Ren , Linlin Shen

With the rapid advancement of mathematical reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), AI systems are increasingly being adopted in educational settings to support students' comprehension of problem-solving processes. However, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jaewoo Park , Jungyang Park , Dongju Jang , Jiwan Chung , Byungwoo Yoo , Jaewoo Shin , Seonjoon Park , Taehyeong Kim , Youngjae Yu

Multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise for biomedical reasoning, but current benchmarks fail to capture the complexity of real-world clinical workflows. Existing evaluations primarily assess unimodal, decontextualized…

Recent advancements in language multimodal models (LMMs) for video have demonstrated their potential for understanding video content, yet the task of comprehending multi-discipline lectures remains largely unexplored. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Enxin Song , Wenhao Chai , Weili Xu , Jianwen Xie , Yuxuan Liu , Gaoang Wang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive cross-modal understanding and reasoning abilities, often assessed through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that include an image, a question, and several options. However, many benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jinsheng Huang , Liang Chen , Taian Guo , Fu Zeng , Yusheng Zhao , Bohan Wu , Ye Yuan , Haozhe Zhao , Zhihui Guo , Yichi Zhang , Jingyang Yuan , Wei Ju , Luchen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Ming Zhang

Recent progress in the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has empowered them to address more complex tasks such as scientific analysis and mathematical reasoning. Despite their promise, MLLMs' reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiachun Li , Shaoping Huang , Zhuoran Jin , Chenlong Zhang , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in integrating vision and language, enabling strong performance across perception, reasoning, and domain-specific tasks. However, their capacity to reason over multiple, visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Can Li , Ying Liu , Ting Zhang , Mei Wang , Hua Huang

This paper reviews the MARS2 2025 Challenge on Multimodal Reasoning. We aim to bring together different approaches in multimodal machine learning and LLMs via a large benchmark. We hope it better allows researchers to follow the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Peng Xu , Shengwu Xiong , Jiajun Zhang , Yaxiong Chen , Bowen Zhou , Chen Change Loy , David A. Clifton , Kyoung Mu Lee , Luc Van Gool , Ruiming He , Ruilin Yao , Xinwei Long , Jirui Huang , Kai Tian , Sa Yang , Yihua Shao , Jin Feng , Yue Zhong , Jiakai Zhou , Cheng Tang , Tianyu Zou , Yifang Zhang , Junming Liang , Guoyou Li , Zhaoxiang Wang , Qiang Zhou , Yichen Zhao , Shili Xiong , Hyeongjin Nam , Jaerin Lee , Jaeyoung Chung , JoonKyu Park , Junghun Oh , Kanggeon Lee , Wooseok Lee , Juneyoung Ro , Turghun Osman , Can Hu , Chaoyang Liao , Cheng Chen , Chengcheng Han , Chenhao Qiu , Chong Peng , Cong Xu , Dailin Li , Feiyu Wang , Feng Gao , Guibo Zhu , Guopeng Tang , Haibo Lu , Han Fang , Han Qi , Hanxiao Wu , Haobo Cheng , Hongbo Sun , Hongyao Chen , Huayong Hu , Hui Li , Jiaheng Ma , Jiang Yu , Jianing Wang , Jie Yang , Jing He , Jinglin Zhou , Jingxuan Li , Josef Kittler , Lihao Zheng , Linnan Zhao , Mengxi Jia , Muyang Yan , Nguyen Thanh Thien , Pu Luo , Qi Li , Shien Song , Shijie Dong , Shuai Shao , Shutao Li , Taofeng Xue , Tianyang Xu , Tianyi Gao , Tingting Li , Wei Zhang , Weiyang Su , Xiaodong Dong , Xiao-Jun Wu , Xiaopeng Zhou , Xin Chen , Xin Wei , Xinyi You , Xudong Kang , Xujie Zhou , Xusheng Liu , Yanan Wang , Yanbin Huang , Yang Liu , Yang Yang , Yanglin Deng , Yashu Kang , Ye Yuan , Yi Wen , Yicen Tian , Yilin Tao , Yin Tang , Yipeng Lin , Yiqing Wang , Yiting Xi , Yongkang Yu , Yumei Li , Yuxin Qin , Yuying Chen , Yuzhe Cen , Zhaofan Zou , Zhaohong Liu , Zhehao Shen , Zhenglin Du , Zhengyang Li , Zhenni Huang , Zhenwei Shao , Zhilong Song , Zhiyong Feng , Zhiyu Wang , Zhou Yu , Ziang Li , Zihan Zhai , Zijian Zhang , Ziyang Peng , Ziyun Xiao , Zongshu Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) offer an opportunity to support multimedia learning through conversational systems grounded in educational content. However, while conversational AI is known to boost engagement, its impact on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Karan Taneja , Anjali Singh , Ashok K. Goel

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that integrate vision and language modalities has unlocked new potentials for scientific reasoning, outperforming prior benchmarks in both natural language and coding domains.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sifan Wu , Huan Zhang , Yizhan Li , Farshid Effaty , Amirreza Ataei , Bang Liu
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