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Vision-language models (VLMs) could power real-time assistants and autonomous agents, but they face a critical challenge: understanding near-infinite video streams without escalating latency and memory usage. Processing entire videos with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ruyi Xu , Guangxuan Xiao , Yukang Chen , Liuning He , Kelly Peng , Yao Lu , Song Han

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in streaming applications such as multi-round dialogue, where long interactions are expected, is urgently needed but poses two major challenges. Firstly, during the decoding stage, caching previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Guangxuan Xiao , Yuandong Tian , Beidi Chen , Song Han , Mike Lewis

As large language models (LLMs) take on complex tasks, their inputs are supplemented with longer contexts that incorporate domain knowledge. Yet using long contexts is challenging, as nothing can be generated until the whole context is…

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) in real-world settings requires agents to process continuous visual streams and generate actions with low latency grounded in language instructions. While Video-based Large Language Models (Video-LLMs)…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a versatile set of tasks. A key challenge in accelerating VLMs is storing and accessing the large Key-Value (KV) cache that encodes long visual contexts, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Dezhan Tu , Danylo Vashchilenko , Yuzhe Lu , Panpan Xu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a critical and fast-growing extension of Large Language Models (LLMs) that enable multimodal reasoning through both text and image inputs. Although VLMs enrich the capabilities of language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yingbing Huang , Tharun Adithya Srikrishnan , Steven K. Reinhardt , Deming Chen

Video-based multimodal large language models (Video-LLMs) possess significant potential for video understanding tasks. However, most Video-LLMs treat videos as a sequential set of individual frames, which results in insufficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Xiaohan Lan , Yitian Yuan , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma

Benefiting from the advances in large language models and cross-modal alignment, existing multimodal large language models have achieved prominent performance in image and short video understanding. However, the understanding of long videos…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Haoji Zhang , Yiqin Wang , Yansong Tang , Yong Liu , Jiashi Feng , Xiaojie Jin

Streaming Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various video understanding tasks, but they face significant challenges in real-time deployment due to the high computational cost of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yiyu Wang , Xuyang Liu , Xiyan Gui , Xinying Lin , Boxue Yang , Chenfei Liao , Tailai Chen , Linfeng Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance on offline video understanding, but most are limited to offline inference or have weak online reasoning, making multi-turn interaction over continuously arriving video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Lu Wang , Zhuoran Jin , Yupu Hao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Yulong Ao , Jun Zhao

Long video understanding is a complex task that requires both spatial detail and temporal awareness. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) obtain frame-level understanding capabilities through multi-frame input, they suffer from information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Ziyi Wang , Haoran Wu , Yiming Rong , Deyang Jiang , Yixin Zhang , Yunlong Zhao , Shuang Xu , Bo XU

Real-time understanding of continuous video streams is essential for interactive assistants and multimodal agents operating in dynamic environments. However, most existing video reasoning approaches follow a batch paradigm that defers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zikang Liu , Longteng Guo , Handong Li , Ru Zhen , Xingjian He , Ruyi Ji , Xiaoming Ren , Yanhao Zhang , Haonan Lu , Jing Liu

Despite advancements in Video Large Language Models (Vid-LLMs) improving multimodal understanding, challenges persist in streaming video reasoning due to its reliance on contextual information. Existing paradigms feed all available…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zicheng Zhao , Kangyu Wang , Shijie Li , Rui Qian , Weiyao Lin , Huabin Liu

The proliferation of 100B+ parameter Large Language Models (LLMs) with 100k+ context length support have resulted in increasing demands for on-chip memory to support large KV caches. Techniques such as StreamingLLM and SnapKV demonstrate…

Context lengths of Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in recent years, with 128k-token context becoming a standard and million-token context becoming a reality. Efficiently supporting long-context inference remains challenging as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Isaac Rehg

Long-form video understanding is essential for various applications such as video retrieval, summarizing, and question answering. Yet, traditional approaches demand substantial computing power and are often bottlenecked by GPU memory. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Saket Gurukar , Asim Kadav

Streaming video large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for real-time multimodal tasks such as video captioning, question answering, conversational agents, and augmented reality. However, these models face fundamental memory and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Donghyuk Kim , Sejeong Yang , Wonjin Shin , Joo-Young Kim

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive potential in various practical applications. However, long context inference poses a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the key-value (KV)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Chengming Zhang , Xubin He , Sian Jin

Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) excel at understanding videos in-context, provided they have full access to the video when answering queries. However, these models face challenges in streaming scenarios where hour-long videos must…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Vaggelis Dorovatas , Soroush Seifi , Gunshi Gupta , Rahaf Aljundi

Real-time understanding of long video streams remains challenging for multimodal large language models (VLMs) due to redundant frame processing and rapid forgetting of past context. Existing streaming systems rely on fixed-interval decoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhenghui Guo , Yuanbin Man , Junyuan Sheng , Bowen Lin , Ahmed Ahmed , Bo Jiang , Boyuan Zhang , Miao Yin , Sian Jin , Omprakash Gnawal , Chengming Zhang