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Deep reinforcement learning has been applied successfully to solve various real-world problems and the number of its applications in the multi-agent settings has been increasing. Multi-agent learning distinctly poses significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Doug Creighton , Saeid Nahavandi

Despite rapid technological progress, effective human-machine cooperation remains a significant challenge. Humans tend to cooperate less with machines than with fellow humans, a phenomenon known as the machine penalty. Here, we show that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhen Wang , Ruiqi Song , Chen Shen , Shiya Yin , Zhao Song , Balaraju Battu , Lei Shi , Danyang Jia , Talal Rahwan , Shuyue Hu

We study the problem of designing AI agents that can robustly cooperate with people in human-machine partnerships. Our work is inspired by real-life scenarios in which an AI agent, e.g., a virtual assistant, has to cooperate with new users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Ahana Ghosh , Sebastian Tschiatschek , Hamed Mahdavi , Adish Singla

In recent years, peer learning has gained attention as a method that promotes spontaneous thinking among learners, and its effectiveness has been confirmed by numerous studies. This study aims to develop an AI Agent as a learning companion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Sosui Moribe , Taketoshi Ushiama

Unlike reinforcement learning (RL) agents, humans remain capable multitaskers in changing environments. In spite of only experiencing the world through their own observations and interactions, people know how to balance focusing on tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rishav Bhagat , Jonathan Balloch , Zhiyu Lin , Julia Kim , Mark Riedl

AI agents deployed in assistive roles often have to collaborate with other agents (humans, AI systems) without prior coordination. Methods considered state of the art for such ad hoc teamwork often pursue a data-driven approach that needs a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Hasra Dodampegama , Mohan Sridharan

In this paper, we present a novel framework for enhancing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by leveraging the power of multi-agent systems. Our framework introduces a collaborative environment where multiple intelligent agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yashar Talebirad , Amirhossein Nadiri

Developmental psychologists have long-established the importance of socio-cognitive abilities in human intelligence. These abilities enable us to enter, participate and benefit from human culture. AI research on social interactive agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Grgur Kovač , Rémy Portelas , Peter Ford Dominey , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Many potential applications of reinforcement learning in the real world involve interacting with other agents whose numbers vary over time. We propose new neural policy architectures for these multi-agent problems. In contrast to other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Matthew A. Wright , Roberto Horowitz

Autonomous agents empowered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone significant improvements, enabling them to generalize across a broad spectrum of tasks. However, in real-world scenarios, cooperation among individuals is often…

The deployment of capable AI agents raises fresh questions about safety, human-machine relationships and social coordination. We argue for greater engagement by scientists, scholars, engineers and policymakers with the implications of a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Iason Gabriel , Geoff Keeling , Arianna Manzini , James Evans

The last few years have witnessed substantial progress in the field of embodied AI where artificial agents, mirroring biological counterparts, are now able to learn from interaction to accomplish complex tasks. Despite this success,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Sarah Pratt , Luca Weihs , Ali Farhadi

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can profoundly affect reciprocal social communication, resulting in substantial and challenging impairments. One aspect is that for people with ASD conversations in everyday life are challenging due to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Christian Poglitsch , Johanna Pirker

It is widely known how the human ability to cooperate has influenced the thriving of our species. However, as we move towards a hybrid human-machine future, it is still unclear how the introduction of AI agents in our social interactions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Inês Terrucha , Elias Fernández Domingos , Francisco C. Santos , Pieter Simoens , Tom Lenaerts

Multi-agent reinforcement learning shines as the pinnacle of multi-agent systems, conquering intricate real-world challenges, fostering collaboration and coordination among agents, and unleashing the potential for intelligent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiawei Wang , Jian Zhao , Zhengtao Cao , Ruili Feng , Rongjun Qin , Yang Yu

AI agents are rapidly expanding in both capability and population: they now write code, operate computers across platforms, manage cloud infrastructure, and make purchasing decisions, while open-source frameworks such as OpenClaw are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiaohang Nie , Zihan Guo , Kezhuo Yang , Zhichong Zheng , Bochen Ge , Shuai Pan , Zeyi Chen , Youling Xiang , Yu Zhang , Weiwen Liu , Yuanjian Zhou , Weinan Zhang

We review the historical development and current trends of artificially intelligent agents (agentic AI) in the social and behavioral sciences: from the first programmable computers, and social simulations soon thereafter, to today's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Petter Holme , Milena Tsvetkova

Embodied artificial intelligence (Embodied AI) plays a pivotal role in the application of advanced technologies in the intelligent era, where AI systems are integrated with physical bodies that enable them to perceive, reason, and interact…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhaohan Feng , Ruiqi Xue , Lei Yuan , Yang Yu , Ning Ding , Meiqin Liu , Bingzhao Gao , Jian Sun , Xinhu Zheng , Gang Wang

In this paper, we introduce a robotic agent specifically designed to analyze external environments and address participants' questions. The primary focus of this agent is to assist individuals using language-based interactions within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Haozheng Luo , Ruiyang Qin , Chenwei Xu , Guo Ye , Zening Luo

Multi-agent systems (MAS) need to adaptively cope with dynamic environments, changing agent populations, and diverse tasks. However, most of the multi-agent systems cannot easily handle them, due to the complexity of the state and task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Qian Long , Fangwei Zhong , Mingdong Wu , Yizhou Wang , Song-Chun Zhu