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Waveforms with ideal ambiguity functions are fundamental to integrated sensing and communication, to active sensing (radar), and to uplink multiple access. We describe a general method of constructing waveforms using the discrete Zak…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Nishant Mehrotra , Sandesh Rao Mattu , Robert Calderbank

In our first paper [2] we explained why the Zak-OTFS input-output (I/O) relation is predictable and non-fading when the delay and Doppler periods are greater than the effective channel delay and Doppler spreads, a condition which we refer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Saif Khan Mohammed , Ronny Hadani , Ananthanarayanan Chockalingam , Robert Calderbank

The recently proposed orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation multiplexes data symbols in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. Since the range and velocity, which can be derived from the delay and Doppler shifts, are the parameters of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Kecheng Zhang , Weijie Yuan , Shuangyang Li , Fan Liu , Feifei Gao , Pingzhi Fan , Yunlong Cai

Linear time-varying (LTV) systems model radar scenes where each reflector/target applies a delay, Doppler shift and complex amplitude scaling to a transmitted waveform. The receiver processes the received signal using the transmitted signal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Danish Nisar , Saif Khan Mohammed , Ronny Hadani , Ananthanarayanan Chockalingam , Robert Calderbank

We communicate over wireless channels by first estimating and then equalizing the effective channel. In Zak-OTFS (orthogonal time frequency space) modulation the carrier waveform is a pulse in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain, formally a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Saif Khan Mohammed , Sandesh Rao Mattu , Nishant Mehrotra , Venkatesh Khammammetti , Robert Calderbank

This tutorial derives the mathematical foundations of what it means for a carrier waveform to be predictable and non-selective. We focus on Zak-OTFS, where each carrier waveform is a pulse in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain, formally a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sandesh Rao Mattu , Nishant Mehrotra , Venkatesh Khammammetti , Robert Calderbank

In orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation, information-carrying symbols reside in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. By operating in the DD domain, an appealing property for communication arises: time-frequency (TF) dispersive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-07 Franz Lampel , Alex Alvarado , Frans M. J. Willems

By multiplexing information symbols in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain, orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a promising candidate for future wireless communication in high-mobility scenarios. In addition to the superior communication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Kecheng Zhang , Zhongjie Li , Weijie Yuan , Yunlong Cai , Feifei Gao

4G/5G wireless standards use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which is robust to frequency selectivity. Equalization is possible with a single tap filter, and low-complexity equalization makes OFDM an attractive physical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Sandesh Rao Mattu , Nishant Mehrotra , Saif Khan Mohammed , Venkatesh Khammammetti , Robert Calderbank

Zak-transform based orthogonal time frequency space (Zak-OTFS) is a delay-Doppler (DD) domain modulation scheme in which the signal processing is carried out in the DD domain. The channel when viewed in the DD domain is predictable.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Sandesh Rao Mattu , Nishant Mehrotra , Robert Calderbank

The Zak-OTFS input/output (I/O) relation is predictable and non-fading when the delay and Doppler periods are greater than the effective channel delay and Doppler spreads, a condition which we refer to as the crystallization condition. When…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Jinu Jayachandran , Rahul Kumar Jaiswal , Saif Khan Mohammed , Ronny Hadani , Ananthanarayanan Chockalingam , Robert Calderbank

When the delay period of the Zak-OTFS carrier is greater than the delay spread of the channel, and the Doppler period of the carrier is greater than the Doppler spread of the channel, the effective channel filter taps can simply be read off…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Jinu Jayachandran , Imran Ali Khan , Saif Khan Mohammed , Ronny Hadani , Ananthanarayanan Chockalingam , Robert Calderbank

This paper provides a fundamental characterization of the discrete ambiguity functions (AFs) of random communication waveforms under arbitrary orthonormal modulation with random constellation symbols, which serve as a key metric for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ying Zhang , Fan Liu , Yifeng Xiong , Weijie Yuan , Shuangyang Li , Le Zheng , Tony Xiao Han , Christos Masouros , Shi Jin

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a framework for communication and active sensing that processes signals in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. This paper explores three key features of the OTFS framework, and explains their value to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-20 Saif Khan Mohammed , Ronny Hadani , Ananthanarayanan Chockalingam , Robert Calderbank

Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) is a framework for communications and active sensing that processes signals in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. It is informed by 6G propagation environments, where Doppler spreads measured in kHz make…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Beyza Dabak , Venkatesh Khammammetti , Saif Khan Mohammed , Robert Calderbank

In Zak-OTFS (orthogonal time frequency space) modulation the carrier waveform is a pulse in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain, formally a quasi-periodic localized function with specific periods along delay and Doppler. When the channel delay…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Saif Khan Mohammed , Amit Kumar Pathak , Muhammad Ubadah , Ronny Hadani , Ananthanarayanan Chockalingam , Robert Calderbank

In orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation, Zak transform approach is a natural approach for converting information symbols multiplexed in the DD domain directly to time domain for transmission, and vice versa at the receiver.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Vineetha Yogesh , Vighnesh S Bhat , Sandesh Rao Mattu , A. Chockalingam

We investigate the theory of affine groups in the context of designing radar waveforms that obey the desired wideband ambiguity function (WAF). The WAF is obtained by correlating the signal with its time-dilated, Doppler-shifted, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Kumar Vijay Mishra , Samuel Pinilla , Ali Pezeshki , A. Robert Calderbank

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the delay-Doppler (DD) domain input-output (I/O) relation in Zak-OTFS modulation, which is needed for signal detection. Two approaches, namely, model-dependent and model-free approaches,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Sai Pradeep Muppaneni , Vineetha Yogesh , A. Chockalingam

The ability of a radar to discriminate in both range and Doppler velocity is completely characterized by the ambiguity function (AF) of its transmit waveform. Mathematically, it is obtained by correlating the waveform with its…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Samuel Pinilla , Kumar Vijay Mishra , Brian M. Sadler , Henry Arguello
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