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Unit tests are critical in the hardware design lifecycle to ensure that component design modules are functionally correct and conform to the specification before they are integrated at the system level. Thus developing unit tests targeting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Deeksha Nandal , Riccardo Revalor , Soham Dan , Debjit Pal

We describe algorithms for symbolic reasoning about executable models of type systems, supporting three queries intended for designers of type systems. First, we check for type soundness bugs and synthesize a counterexample program if such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Kartik Chandra , Rastislav Bodik

We present Symbolic Quick Error Detection (Symbolic QED), a structured approach for logic bug detection and localization which can be used both during pre-silicon design verification as well as post-silicon validation and debug. This new…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Eshan Singh , David Lin , Clark Barrett , Subhasish Mitra

Prolog is a well-known declarative programming language commonly used in introductory courses on logic and reasoning. However, many students find Prolog challenging because it lacks the familiar debugging mechanisms found in imperative…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ricardo Brancas , Vasco Manquinho , Ruben Martins

A programmable trigger logic module (TRILOMO) was implemented successfully in an FPGA using their internal look-up tables to save Boolean functions. Up to 16 trigger input signals can be combined logically for a fast trigger decision. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-26 F. Karstens , S. Trippel

Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools are software applications used by engineers in the design, development, simulation, and verification of electronic systems and integrated circuits. These tools typically process specifications…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Rafael Sumitani , João Victor Amorim , Augusto Mafra , Mirlaine Crepalde , Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira

As Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) scale in multi-tenant cloud and edge-AI environments, the configuration bitstream has become a critical, yet opaque, security boundary. Existing hardware Trojan detection methods often rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rye Stahle-Smith , Carter Antley , Jason D. Bakos , Rasha Karakchi

Machine learning ensembles combine multiple base models to produce a more accurate output. They can be applied to a range of machine learning problems, including anomaly detection. In this paper, we investigate how to maximize the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Binglei Lou , David Boland , Philip H. W. Leong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant improvement in RTL code generation. Despite the advances, the generated code is often riddled with common vulnerabilities and weaknesses (CWEs) that can slip by untrained eyes. Attackers…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Prithwish Basu Roy , Zeng Wang , Anatolii Chuvashlov , Weihua Xiao , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Ramesh Karri

Formal verification can provably guarantee the correctness of critical system software, but the high proof burden has long hindered its wide adoption. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in code analysis and synthesis.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Jianan Yao , Ziqiao Zhou , Weiteng Chen , Weidong Cui

Existing techniques to ensure functional correctness and hardware trust during pre-silicon verification face severe limitations. In this work, we systematically leverage two key ideas: 1) Symbolic Quick Error Detection (Symbolic QED or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Karthik Ganesan , Srinivasa Shashank Nuthakki

Hardware complexity continues to strain verification resources, motivating the adoption of machine learning (ML) methods to improve debug efficiency. However, ML-assisted debugging critically depends on diverse and scalable bug datasets,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Surya Jasper , Minh Luu , Evan Pan , Aakash Tyagi , Michael Quinn , Jiang Hu , David Kebo Houngninou

We present a novel approach to pre-silicon verification of processor designs. The purpose of pre-silicon verification is to find logic bugs in a design at an early stage and thus avoid time- and cost-intensive post-silicon debugging. Our…

One of the critical phases in software development is software testing. Testing helps with identifying potential bugs and reducing maintenance costs. The goal of automated test generation tools is to ease the development of tests by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Arghavan Moradi Dakhel , Amin Nikanjam , Vahid Majdinasab , Foutse Khomh , Michel C. Desmarais

Multi-die FPGAs enable device scaling beyond reticle limits but introduce severe interconnect overhead across die boundaries. Inter-die connections, commonly referred to as super-long lines (SLLs), incur high delay and consume scarce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xiaoke Wang , Raveena Raikar , Markus Rein , Ruiqi Chen , Chang Meng , Dirk Stroobandt

Mutation testing is an established fault-based testing technique. It operates by seeding faults into the programs under test and asking developers to write tests that reveal these faults. These tests have the potential to reveal a large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Ahmed Khanfir , Renzo Degiovanni , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

LLM-based mutation testing is a promising testing technology, but existing approaches typically rely on a fixed set of mutations as few-shot examples or none at all. This can result in generic low-quality mutations, missed context-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bo Wang , Ming Deng , Mingda Chen , Chengran Yang , Youfang Lin , Mark Harman , Mike Papadakis , Jie M. Zhang

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the size and complexity of System-on-Chip designs targeting different specialized applications. The cost of an undetected bug in these systems is much higher than in traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Giuseppe Stracquadanio , Sourav Medya , Stefano Quer , Debjit Pal

Evaluating software engineering capabilities has become a core component of modern large language models (LLMs); however, the key bottleneck hindering further scaling lies not in the scarcity of high-quality solutions, but in the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuxuan Sun , Yuze Zhao , Yufeng Wang , Yao Du , Zhiyuan Ma , Jinbo Wang , Mengdi Zhang , Kai Zhang , Zhenya Huang

As research in automatically detecting bugs grows and produces new techniques, having suitable collections of programs with known bugs becomes crucial to reliably and meaningfully compare the effectiveness of these techniques. Most of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Riccardo Felici , Laura Pozzi , Carlo A. Furia