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Large Language Model (LLM) Agents leverage the advanced reasoning capabilities of LLMs in real-world applications. To interface with an environment, these agents often rely on tools, such as web search or database APIs. As the agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Ivan Milev , Mislav Balunović , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Large language model (LLM)-based AI agents extend LLM capabilities by enabling access to tools such as data sources, APIs, search engines, code sandboxes, and even other agents. While this empowers agents to perform complex tasks, LLMs may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Aarya Doshi , Yining Hong , Congying Xu , Eunsuk Kang , Alexandros Kapravelos , Christian Kästner

The acquisition of agentic capabilities has transformed LLMs from "knowledge providers" to "action executors", a trend that while expanding LLMs' capability boundaries, significantly increases their susceptibility to malicious use. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jinchuan Zhang , Lu Yin , Yan Zhou , Songlin Hu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly applied to engineering design tasks, yet existing evaluation frameworks do not adequately address multi-agent systems that combine simulation, retrieval, and manufacturing preparation. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gioele Molinari , Florian Felten , Soheyl Massoudi , Mark Fuge

Numerous medical systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in diverse healthcare tasks. However, research on their medication safety remains limited due to the lack of real world datasets, constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahao Zhao , Luxin Xu , Minghuan Tan , Lichao Zhang , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang

Effort estimation is a crucial activity in agile software development, where teams collaboratively review, discuss, and estimate the effort required to complete user stories in a product backlog. Current practices in agile effort estimation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thanh-Long Bui , Hoa Khanh Dam , Rashina Hoda

Evaluating aligned large language models' (LLMs) ability to recognize and reject unsafe user requests is crucial for safe, policy-compliant deployments. Existing evaluation efforts, however, face three limitations that we address with…

Safety evaluation of large language models (LLMs) increasingly relies on LLM-as-a-judge pipelines, but strong judges can still be expensive to use at scale. We study whether structured multi-agent debate can improve judge reliability while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Dachuan Lin , Guobin Shen , Zihao Yang , Tianrong Liu , Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng

Modern software systems require code that is not only functional but also maintainable and well-structured. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate software development, most studies focus on isolated,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Wasique Islam Shafin , Md Nakhla Rafi , Zhenhao Li , Tse-Hsun Chen

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) promise to accelerate scientific discovery end-to-end, but rigorously evaluating their capacity for verifiable discovery remains a central challenge. Existing benchmarks face a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhen Wang , Fan Bai , Zhongyan Luo , Jinyan Su , Kaiser Sun , Xinle Yu , Jieyuan Liu , Kun Zhou , Claire Cardie , Mark Dredze , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have driven a revolutionary paradigm shift in process automation from Robotic Process Automation to Agentic Process Automation by automating the workflow orchestration procedure based on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Shengda Fan , Xin Cong , Yuepeng Fu , Zhong Zhang , Shuyan Zhang , Yuanwei Liu , Yesai Wu , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Agent systems based on large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in complex reasoning tasks, but building efficient and generalizable workflows remains a major challenge. Most existing approaches rely on manually designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Xiangqi Wang , Zirui Song , Lang Gao , Chenxi Wang , Xiangru Tang , Yue Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiangliang Zhang , Xiuying Chen

We introduce $\textbf{MASSE}$, the first Multi-Agent System for Structural Engineering, effectively integrating large language model (LLM)-based agents with real-world engineering workflows. Structural engineering is a fundamental yet…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haoran Liang , Yufa Zhou , Mohammad Talebi Kalaleh , Qipei Mei

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

LLM agents are increasingly deployed as executable systems that use tools, modify workspaces, and produce concrete artifacts. In such workflows, performance depends not only on the base model, but also on the harness: the system layer that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yilun Yao , Xinyu Tan , Chao-Hsuan Liu , Yaoming Li , Zhengyang Wang , Wenhan Yu , Zhewen Tan , Yuxuan Tian , Guangxiang Zhao , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Tong Yang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show considerable promise for automating complex tasks using contextual reasoning; however, interactions involving multiple agents and the system's susceptibility to prompt injection and other forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kaiyuan Zhang , Zian Su , Pin-Yu Chen , Elisa Bertino , Xiangyu Zhang , Ninghui Li

Changes and updates in the requirement artifacts, which can be frequent in the automotive domain, are a challenge for SafetyOps. Large Language Models (LLMs), with their impressive natural language understanding and generating capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Fredrik Törner , Hȧkan Sivencrona , Christian Berger

GraphFlow is a visual workflow system designed to improve the reliability of agentic AI automation in multi-step, mission-critical processes. In these workflows, small errors compound rapidly: under an idealized model of independent steps,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Drewry H. Morris , Luis Valles , Reza Hosseini Ghomi

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into practical hardware and firmware development pipelines for code generation. Existing studies have primarily focused on evaluating the functional correctness of LLM-generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qirui Chen , Jingxian Shuai , Shuangwu Chen , Shenghao Ye , Zijian Wen , Xufei Su , Jie Jin , Jiangming Li , Jun Chen , Xiaobin Tan , Jian Yang

Existing LLM-enabled multi-agent frameworks are predominantly limited to digital or simulated environments and confined to narrowly focused knowledge domain, constraining their applicability to complex engineering tasks that require the…