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Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on challenging benchmarks by generating long chains of intermediate steps, but their inference cost is dominated by decoding, where each new token must attend to the entire…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hossein Entezari Zarch , Lei Gao , Chaoyi Jiang , Murali Annavaram

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning significantly elevates the complex problem-solving capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, adapting CoT to vision typically discretizes signals to fit LLM inputs, causing early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Tao Cheng , Shi-Zhe Chen , Hao Zhang , Yixin Qin , Jinwen Luo , Zheng Wei

Reasoning is a core capability of large language models, yet how multi-step reasoning is learned and executed remains unclear. We study this question in a controlled cellular-automata (1dCA) framework that excludes memorisation by using…

Long-horizon LLM tasks often fail not because a single answer is unattainable, but because knowledge states drift across rounds, intermediate commitments remain implicit, and interruption fractures the evolving evidence chain. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhou Hanlin , Chan Huah Yong

Transformer based models are increasingly being used in various domains including recommender systems (RS). Pretrained transformer models such as BERT have shown good performance at language modelling. With the greater ability to model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Uzma Mushtaque

We propose Lizard, a linearization framework that transforms pretrained Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) into subquadratic architectures. Transformers faces severe computational and memory bottlenecks with long sequences due…

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in processing and understanding extensive text sequences, a critical aspect in applications requiring deep comprehension and synthesis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Kaiqiang Song , Xiaoyang Wang , Sangwoo Cho , Xiaoman Pan , Dong Yu

While Transformer self-attention offers strong parallelism, the Key-Value (KV) cache grows linearly with sequence length and becomes a bottleneck for inference efficiency. Multi-head latent attention was recently developed to compress the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Keqi Deng , Philip C. Woodland

Transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance across natural language tasks, yet they fundamentally misrepresent the hierarchical nature of human language by processing text as flat token sequences. This results in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ayan Sar , Sampurna Roy , Kanav Gupta , Anurag Kaushish , Tanupriya Choudhury , Abhijit Kumar

Effective reasoning is crucial to solving complex mathematical problems. Recent large language models (LLMs) have boosted performance by scaling test-time computation through long chain-of-thought reasoning. However, transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Junxiong Wang , Wen-Ding Li , Daniele Paliotta , Daniel Ritter , Alexander M. Rush , Tri Dao

In collaborative perception, an agent's performance can be degraded by heterogeneity arising from differences in model architecture or training data distributions. To address this challenge, we propose HyDRA (Hybrid Domain-Aware Robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Minwoo Song , Minhee Kang , Heejin Ahn

The behaviors of deep neural networks (DNNs) are notoriously resistant to human interpretations. In this paper, we propose Hypergradient Data Relevance Analysis, or HYDRA, which interprets the predictions made by DNNs as effects of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yuanyuan Chen , Boyang Li , Han Yu , Pengcheng Wu , Chunyan Miao

The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention mechanisms combining Full Attention (FA) and Sparse Attention (SA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Quantong Qiu , Zhiyi Hong , Yi Yang , Haitian Wang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Hydra is a header-only, templated and C++11-compliant framework designed to perform the typical bottleneck calculations found in common HEP data analyses on massively parallel platforms. The framework is implemented on top of the C++11…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2017-11-17 A. A. Alves , M. D. Sokoloff

Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer plenty of challenges in executing efficient computation at edge nodes, primarily due to the huge hardware resource demands. The article proposes HYDRA, hybrid data multiplexing, and runtime layer…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sonu Kumar , Komal Gupta , Gopal Raut , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

We develop hybrid memory architectures for general-purpose sequence processing neural networks, that combine key-value memory using softmax attention (KV-memory) with fast weight memory through dynamic synaptic modulation (FW-memory) -- the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kazuki Irie , Morris Yau , Samuel J. Gershman

The reasoning abilities are one of the most enigmatic and captivating aspects of large language models (LLMs). Numerous studies are dedicated to exploring and expanding the boundaries of this reasoning capability. However, tasks that embody…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yuze Zhao , Tianyun Ji , Wenjun Feng , Zhenya Huang , Qi Liu , Zhiding Liu , Yixiao Ma , Kai Zhang , Enhong Chen

Industrial processes must be robust and adaptable, as environments and tasks are often unpredictable, while operational errors remain costly and difficult to detect. AI-based control systems offer a path forward, yet typically depend on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Christos Margadji , Sebastian W. Pattinson

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) often suffer from computational inefficiency due to overthinking, where a fixed reasoning budget fails to match the varying complexity of tasks. To address this issue, we propose Adaptive Overclocking, a method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shuhao Jiang , Songbo Wang , Yang Qiao , Chun Xu , Chaoyang Zheng , Shengyi Zhou , Huanjun Wang , Fangming Li , Cong Zhang , Jiyu Wang

Pre-trained transformer models with extended context windows are notoriously expensive to run at scale, often limiting real-world deployment due to their high computational and memory requirements. In this paper, we introduce Hamming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Mark Horton , Tergel Molom-Ochir , Peter Liu , Bhavna Gopal , Chiyue Wei , Cong Guo , Brady Taylor , Deliang Fan , Shan X. Wang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen