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Consider a rectangular grid of qubits in 2D with single-qubit and nearest-neighbor two-qubit operations subject to local stochastic Pauli noise. At different length scales, this setup describes both a single quantum computing device with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Dylan Harley , Robert Koenig

We study the performance (rate and fidelity) of distributing multipartite entangled states in a quantum network through the use of a central node. Specifically, we consider the scenario where the multipartite entangled state is first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Guus Avis , Filip Rozpędek , Stephanie Wehner

The differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution protocol is formalised as a prepare-and-measure scheme and translated into an equivalent entanglement-based protocol. A necessary condition for security is that Bob's measurement can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-05 Adriana Marais , Thomas Konrad , Francesco Petruccione

Achieving robust and scalable remote quantum entanglement is a fundamental challenge for the development of distributed quantum networks and modular quantum computing systems. Along this, perfect state transfer (PST) and fractional state…

We demonstrate that a necessary precondition for unconditionally secure quantum key distribution is that sender and receiver can use the available measurement results to prove the presence of entanglement in a quantum state that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marcos Curty , Maciej Lewenstein , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We develop a protocol for entanglement generation in the quantum internet that allows a repeater node to use $n$-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) projective measurements that can fuse $n$ successfully-entangled {\em links}, i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Ashlesha Patil , Mihir Pant , Dirk Englund , Don Towsley , Saikat Guha

Measurements in the quantum domain can exceed classical notions. This concerns fundamental questions about the nature of the measurement process itself, as well as applications, such as their function as building blocks of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Jan Sperling , Ilaria Gianani , Marco Barbieri , Elizabeth Agudelo

We present three quantum key distribution protocols using entangled state. In the first two protocols, all Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs are used to distribute a secret key except those chosen for eavesdropping check, because the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jian Wang , Quan Zhang , Chao-jing Tang

The basic entanglement-swapping scheme can be seen as a process which allows to redistribute the Bell states' properties between different pairs of a four qubits system. Achieving the task requires performing a von Neumann measurement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-27 Ariana Muñoz , Gesa Grüning , Luis Roa

We propose a realistic protocol to generate entanglement between quantum memories at neighboring nodes in hybrid quantum repeaters. Generated entanglement includes only one type of error, which enables efficient entanglement distillation.…

In this paper, we propose a deterministic entanglement swapping protocol for generating a shared three-qubit W state between two remote parties. Our method offers a reliable alternative to existing probabilistic protocols for W state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Sajede Harraz , Yueyan Wang , Shuang Cong

The entanglement swapping protocol (ESP) is a fundamental primitive for distributing quantum correlations across distant nodes in a quantum network. Recent studies have demonstrated that even when the involved qubit pairs are only partially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Henrique Guerra , Tailan S. Sarubi , Rafael Chaves , Jonas Maziero

We propose a scheme by which two parties can secretely and simultaneously exchange messages. The scheme requires the two parties to share entanglement and both to perform Bell-state measurements. Only two out of the four Bell states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Sung Soon Jang , Hai-Woong Lee

We study a quantum network that distributes entangled quantum states to multiple sets of users that are connected to the network. Each user is connected to a switch of the network via a link. All the links of the network generate bipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Thirupathaiah Vasantam , Don Towsley

Quantum state transfer protocols are a major toolkit in many quantum information processing tasks, from quantum key distribution to quantum computation. To assess performance of a such a protocol, one often relies on the average fidelity…

We propose a theoretical scheme for secure quantum key distribution network following the ideas in quantum dense coding. In this scheme, the server of the network provides the service for preparing and measuring the Bell states, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Chun-Yan Li , Hong-Yu Zhou , Yan Wang , Fu-Guo Deng

We present two quantum state sharing protocols where the channels are not maximally entangled states. By properly choosing the measurement basis it is possible to achieve unity fidelity transfer of the state if the parties collaborate. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Goren Gordon , Gustavo Rigolin

We present a quantum repeater protocol using atomic ensembles, linear optics and single-photon sources. Two local 'polarization' entangled states of atomic ensembles $u$ and $d$ are generated by absorbing a single photon emitted by an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-12 Fang-Yu Hong , Shi-Jie Xiong

We report an experimental demonstration of effective entanglement in a prepare&measure type of quantum key distribution protocol. Coherent polarization states and heterodyne measurement to characterize the transmitted quantum states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Lorenz , J. Rigas , M. Heid , U. L. Andersen , N. Lütkenhaus , G. Leuchs

We investigate entanglement distribution in pure-state quantum networks. We consider the case when non-maximally entangled two-qubit pure states are shared by neighboring nodes of the network. For a given pair of nodes, we investigate how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-19 S. Perseguers , J. Wehr , A. Acin , M. Lewenstein , J. I. Cirac