Related papers: Apparent horizon and causal structure of spacetime…
The cosmic censorship conjecture posits that singularities forming to the future of a regular Cauchy surface are hidden by an event horizon. Consequently any topological structures will ultimately collapse within the horizon of a set of…
Dynamical black holes have an apparent horizon as one of their characteristics. The later might be null, time-like, or space-like surfaces that define the evolution of a black hole. Our study examines how an apparent horizon's behavior is…
We investigate here the local versus global visibility of a space-time singularity formed due to the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric dust cloud having a non-zero velocity function. The conditions are investigated that…
The occurrence of a spacetime singularity indicates the breakdown of Einstein gravitation theory in these extreme regimes. We consider here the singularity issue and various black hole paradoxes at classical and quantum levels. It is…
For the study of $3+1$ dimensional Einstein vacuum equations (EVEs), substantial progress has been made recently on the problem of trapped surface formation. However, very limited knowledge of existence and associated properties is acquired…
This paper proves a theorem about the existence of an apparent horizon in general relativity, which applies equally well to vacuum configurations and matter configurations. The theorem uses the reciprocal of the surface-to-volume ratio of a…
We solve Einstein vacuum equations in a spacetime region up to the "center" of gravitational collapse. Within this region, we construct a sequence of marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTS) with areas going to zero. These MOTS form a…
Quadratic Gravity supplements the Einstein-Hilbert action by terms quadratic in the spacetime curvature. This leads to a rich phase space of static, compact gravitating objects including the Schwarzschild black hole, wormholes, and naked…
Black holes in general relativity are characterized by their trapping horizon, a one-way membrane that can be crossed only inwards. The existence of trapping horizons in astrophysical black holes can be tested observationally using a…
Event Horizon, a null hypersurface defining the boundary of the black hole region of a spacetime, is not particularly useful for evolving black holes since it is non-local in time. Instead, one uses the more tangible concept of Apparent…
Event horizons are (generically) not physically observable. In contrast, apparent horizons (and the closely related trapping horizons) are generically physically observable --- in the sense that they can be detected by observers working in…
We study the causal structure of dynamical charged black holes, with a sufficient number of massless fields, using numerical simulations. Neglecting Hawking radiation, the inner horizon is a null Cauchy horizon and a curvature singularity…
The formation and semi-classical evaporation of two-dimensional black holes is studied in an exactly solvable model. Above a certain threshold energy flux, collapsing matter forms a singularity inside an apparent horizon. As the black hole…
Black holes encountered in general relativity are characterized by spacetime singularities hidden within an event horizon. These singularities provide a key motivation to go beyond general relativity and look for regular black holes where…
Boundary conditions defining a generic isolated horizon are introduced. They generalize the notion available in the existing literature by allowing the horizon to have distortion and angular momentum. Space-times containing a black hole,…
In gravitational collapse leading to black hole formation, trapping horizons typically develop inside the contracting matter. Classically, an ingoing trapping horizon moves towards the centre where it reaches a curvature singularity, while…
We establish necessary conditions for the appearance of both apparent horizons and singularities in the initial data of spherically symmetric general relativity when spacetime is foliated extrinsically. When the dominant energy condition is…
We examine the existence of an apparent horizon in the collapse of an isolated dust cloud using expansion functions. Our results indicate that in the region of spacetime far away from the gravitational singularity, the considered system has…
From the microscopic point of view, realistic black holes are time-dependent and the teleological concept of event horizon fails. At present, the apparent or the trapping horizon seem its best replacements in various areas of black hole…
The problem of the event horizon in relativistic gravity is discussed. Singular solutions in general relativity are well known. The Schwarschild metric of a spherical mass is singular at zero ($r = 0$) and at the event horizon ($r = r_g$).…