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Edge computing is a popular target for accelerating machine learning algorithms supporting mobile devices without requiring the communication latencies to handle them in the cloud. Edge deployments of machine learning primarily consider…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sébastien Ollivier , Sheng Li , Yue Tang , Chayanika Chaudhuri , Peipei Zhou , Xulong Tang , Jingtong Hu , Alex K. Jones

This work discusses memory-immersed collaborative digitization among compute-in-memory (CiM) arrays to minimize the area overheads of a conventional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for deep learning inference. Thereby, using the proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shamma Nasrin , Maeesha Binte Hashem , Nastaran Darabi , Benjamin Parpillon , Farah Fahim , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

State space models (SSMs) have recently emerged as a powerful framework for long sequence processing, outperforming traditional methods on diverse benchmarks. Fundamentally, SSMs can generalize both recurrent and convolutional networks and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Xiaoyu Zhang , Mingtao Hu , Sen Lu , Soohyeon Kim , Eric Yeu-Jer Lee , Yuyang Liu , Wei D. Lu

Computing-in-Memory (CiM) architectures based on emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) devices have demonstrated great potential for deep neural network (DNN) acceleration thanks to their high energy efficiency. However, NVM devices suffer…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Zheyu Yan , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

In-memory computing (IMC) on a monolithic chip for deep learning faces dramatic challenges on area, yield, and on-chip interconnection cost due to the ever-increasing model sizes. 2.5D integration or chiplet-based architectures interconnect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Manvitha Pannala , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

This paper presents a tutorial and review of SRAM-based Compute-in-Memory (CIM) circuits, with a focus on both Digital CIM (DCIM) and Analog CIM (ACIM) implementations. We explore the fundamental concepts, architectures, and operational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Kentaro Yoshioka , Shimpei Ando , Satomi Miyagi , Yung-Chin Chen , Wenlun Zhang

PIM architectures aim to reduce data transfer costs between processors and memory by integrating processing units within memory layers. Prior PIM architectures have shown potential to improve energy efficiency and performance. However, such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Parker Hao Tian , Zahra Yousefijamarani , Alaa Alameldeen

Digital computing-in-memory (DCIM) has emerged as a promising solution for large language model (LLM) acceleration by minimizing data transfers between external DRAM and on-chip accelerators while maintaining high precision for superior…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yan-Cheng Guo , Tian-Sheuan Chang , Jian-Wei Su

Deployment of modern TinyML tasks on small battery-constrained IoT devices requires high computational energy efficiency. Analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) using non-volatile memory (NVM) promises major efficiency improvements in deep neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Angelo Garofalo , Gianmarco Ottavi , Francesco Conti , Geethan Karunaratne , Irem Boybat , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Compute-In-Memory (CIM) systems, particularly those utilizing ReRAM and memristive technologies, offer a promising path toward energy-efficient neural network computation. However, conventional quantization and compression techniques often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guan-Cheng Chen , Chieh-Lin Tsai , Pei-Hsuan Tsai , Yuan-Hao Chang

In recent years, the CNNs have achieved great successes in the image processing tasks, e.g., image recognition and object detection. Unfortunately, traditional CNN's classification is found to be easily misled by increasingly complex image…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Xingyao Zhang , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Chenhao Xie , Jing Wang , Weigong Zhang , Xin Fu

With the rapid growth of deep neural networks (DNNs), compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a promising energy-efficient paradigm for accelerating multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. Yet, current CIM architectures are largely limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Compute-in-memory (CIM) is an efficient method for implementing deep neural networks (DNNs) but suffers from substantial overhead from analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), especially as ADC precision increases. Low-precision ADCs can reduce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jiyoon Kim , Kang Eun Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jong Hwan Ko

Modern computing systems suffer from the dichotomy between computation on one side, which is performed only in the processor (and accelerators), and data storage/movement on the other, which all other parts of the system are dedicated to.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Onur Mutlu , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Rachata Ausavarungnirun

AI chips commonly employ SRAM memory as buffers for their reliability and speed, which contribute to high performance. However, SRAM is expensive and demands significant area and energy consumption. Previous studies have explored replacing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Duy-Thanh Nguyen , Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

By supporting the access of multiple memory words at the same time, Bit-line Computing (BC) architectures allow the parallel execution of bit-wise operations in-memory. At the array periphery, arithmetic operations are then derived with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Marco Rios , Flavio Ponzina , Alexandre Levisse , Giovanni Ansaloni , David Atienza

Memory system is often the main bottleneck in chipmultiprocessor (CMP) systems in terms of latency, bandwidth and efficiency, and recently additionally facing capacity and power problems in an era of big data. A lot of research works have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Licheng Chen , Tianyue Lu , Yanan Wang , Mingyu Chen , Yuan Ruan , Zehan Cui , Yongbing Huang , Mingyang Chen , Jiutian Zhang , Yungang Bao

Transformers have become the backbone of neural network architecture for most machine learning applications. Their widespread use has resulted in multiple efforts on accelerating attention, the basic building block of transformers. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Dong Eun Kim , Tanvi Sharma , Kaushik Roy

The conventional von Neumann architecture has been revealed as a major performance and energy bottleneck for rising data-intensive applications. %, due to the intensive data movements. The decade-old idea of leveraging in-memory processing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Bing Li , Bonan Yan , Hai , Li

Nowadays, data-intensive applications are gaining popularity and, together with this trend, processing-in-memory (PIM)-based systems are being given more attention and have become more relevant. This paper describes an analytical modeling…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Ronny Ronen , Adi Eliahu , Orian Leitersdorf , Natan Peled , Kunal Korgaonkar , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Ben Perach , Shahar Kvatinsky