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Theoretical models for the expected merger rates of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are vital for planned gravitational-wave detection experiments such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Using collisionless $N$-body…

We present an empirical approach for interpreting gravitational wave signals of binary black hole mergers under the assumption that the underlying black hole population is sourced by remnants of stellar evolution. Using the observed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-08 Oliver D. Elbert , James S. Bullock , Manoj Kaplinghat

We simulate mergers between galaxies containing collisionally-relaxed nuclei around massive black holes (MBHs). Our galaxies contain four mass groups, representative of old stellar populations; a primary goal is to understand the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Alessia Gualandris , David Merritt

Galaxy mergers are common processes in the Universe. As a large fraction of galaxies hosts at their centres a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), mergers can lead to the formation of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-04-05 Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti , Go Ogiya , Oliver Hahn , Mathias Schultheis

We present a semi-analytical binary black hole (BBH) metric approximation that models the entire evolution of the system from inspiral to merger. The metric is constructed as a boosted Kerr-Schild superposition following post-Newtonian (PN)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Luciano Combi , Sean M. Ressler

Galaxy merger timescales are crucial for understanding and modeling galaxy formation in our hierarchically structured Universe. However, previous studies have reported widely varying dependencies of merger timescales on initial orbital…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-08 Kun Xu , Y. P. Jing

By using direct N-body numerical simulations, we model the dynamical co-evolution of two supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and the surrounding stars in merging galaxies. In order to investigate how different stellar components evolve during…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-22 Shuo Li , Shiyan Zhong , Peter Berczik , Rainer Spurzem , Xian Chen , F. K. Liu

We regard binary black hole (BBH) merger as a map from a simple initial state (two Kerr black holes, with dimensionless spins {\bf a} and {\bf b}) to a simple final state (a Kerr black hole with mass m, dimensionless spin {\bf s}, and kick…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Latham Boyle , Michael Kesden , Samaya Nissanke

We examine the relationship between individual black hole (BH) masses in merging binary black hole (BBH) systems. Analyzing the ten BBH detections from LIGO/Virgo's first two observing runs, we find that the masses of the component BHs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-18 Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz

Galaxy mergers are fundamental drivers of galaxy evolution and black hole (BH) growth across cosmic time. We use the Horizon-AGN simulation to investigate the fraction of galaxy pairs, the merger fraction, and the galaxy merger rate over a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-14 Ecaterina Leonova , Marta Volonteri , Clotilde Laigle , Samaya Nissanke , Pascal A. Oesch , Yohan Dubois

Massive black hole (MBH) coalescences are powerful sources of low-frequency gravitational waves. To study these events in the cosmological context we need to trace the large-scale structure and cosmic evolution of a statistical population…

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries residing at the core of merging galaxies are recently found to be strongly affected by the rotation of their host galaxies. The highly eccentric orbits that form when the host is counterrotating emit…

Primordial black hole (PBH) binaries experience strong gravitational perturbations in the case of their initial clustering, which significantly affects the dynamics of their mergers. In this work, we develop a new formalism to account for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Viktor Stasenko

Scaling relations between central black hole (BH) mass and host galaxy properties are of fundamental importance to studies of BH and galaxy evolution throughout cosmic time. Here we investigate the relationship between BH mass and host…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-11-04 Amy E. Reines , Marta Volonteri

We explore the ability of gravitational-wave detectors to extract the redshift distribution of binary black hole (BBH) mergers. The evolution of the merger rate across redshifts $0 < z \lesssim 1$ is directly tied to the formation and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-23 Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz , Will M. Farr

Dense stellar clusters are expected to house the ideal conditions for binary black hole (BBH) formation, both through binary stellar evolution and through dynamical encounters. We use theoretical arguments as well as $N$-body simulations to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-21 Jordan Barber , Debatri Chattopadhyay , Fabio Antonini

We assess the contribution of dynamical hardening by direct three-body scattering interactions to the rate of stellar-mass black hole binary (BHB) mergers in galactic nuclei. We derive an analytic model for the single-binary encounter rate…

The mass, spin, and merger rate distribution of the binary black holes (BBHs) across cosmic redshifts provide a unique way to shed light on their formation channel. Along with the redshift dependence of the BBH merger rate, the mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-14 Christos Karathanasis , Suvodip Mukherjee , Simone Mastrogiovanni

We study the dynamical evolution of eccentric massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) interacting with unbound stars by means of an extensive set of three body scattering experiments. Compared to previous studies, we extend the investigation…

New observational facilities are probing astrophysical transients such as stellar explosions and gravitational wave (GW) sources at ever increasing redshifts, while also revealing new features in source property distributions. To interpret…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-24 L. A. C. van Son , S. E. de Mink , M. Chruslinska , C. Conroy , R. Pakmor , L. Hernquist
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