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Diffusion models have significantly advanced the state of the art in image, audio, and video generation tasks. However, their applications in practical scenarios are hindered by slow inference speed. Drawing inspiration from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Chen Xu , Tianhui Song , Weixin Feng , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Bo Zheng , Limin Wang

While Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a flexible, arbitrary-order alternative to the autoregressive paradigm, their non-causal nature precludes standard KV caching, forcing costly hidden state recomputation at every decoding step.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenhao Sun , Rong-Cheng Tu , Yifu Ding , Zhao Jin , Jingyi Liao , Yongcheng Jing , Dacheng Tao

In this work, we provide a systematic survey of Discrete Diffusion Language Models (dLLMs) and Discrete Diffusion Multimodal Language Models (dMLLMs). Unlike autoregressive (AR) models, dLLMs and dMLLMs adopt a multi-token, parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Runpeng Yu , Qi Li , Xinchao Wang

Latent diffusion models offer an attractive alternative to discrete diffusion for non-autoregressive text generation by operating on continuous text representations and denoising entire sequences in parallel. The major challenge in latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Viacheslav Meshchaninov , Alexander Shabalin , Egor Chimbulatov , Nikita Gushchin , Ilya Koziev , Alexander Korotin , Dmitry Vetrov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation. However, the quality of the generated code is heavily dependent on the structure and composition of the prompts used. Crafting high-quality prompts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jinyang Li , Sangwon Hyun , M. Ali Babar

Diffusion Language Models (dLLMs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in highly parallel processing. The parallel capabilities of existing dLLMs stem from the assumption of conditional independence at high confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Haohui Zhang , Zhiye Wang , Xiaoying Gan , Xinbing Wang , Bo Jiang

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the long-dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm, offering a parallelable decoding process that could yield greater efficiency. Yet, in practice, current open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Peng , Peiyu Liu , Zican Dong , Daixuan Cheng , Junyi Li , Yiru Tang , Shuo Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering better hardware utilization and bidirectional context through parallel block-level decoding. However, as dLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhiben Chen , Youpeng Zhao , Yang Sui , Jun Wang , Yuzhang Shang

Discrete diffusion models (DDMs) have shown powerful generation ability for discrete data modalities like text and molecules. However, their practical application is hindered by inefficient sampling, requiring a large number of sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Feiyang Fu , Tongxian Guo , Zhaoqiang Liu

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) enable parallel text generation by iteratively denoising a fully masked sequence, unmasking a subset of masked tokens at each step. Existing decoding strategies rely on static confidence metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yue Wu , Jian Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. To achieve more accurate output, the prompts used to drive LLMs have become increasingly longer, which incurs higher…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yaxin Gao , Yao Lu , Zongfei Zhang , Jiaqi Nie , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as promising alternatives to autoregressive (AR) LLMs. Recently, this paradigm has been extended to multimodal tasks, leading to the development of diffusion multimodal large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Keuntae Kim , Mingyu Kang , Yong Suk Choi

Diffusion language models are a promising alternative to autoregressive models due to their potential for faster generation. Among discrete diffusion approaches, Masked diffusion currently dominates, largely driven by strong perplexity on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Zhihan Yang , Justin Deschenaux , Jingyu Liu , John Thickstun , Ante Jukic

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success across various domains. However, training these LLMs typically involves substantial memory and computational costs during both forward and backward propagation. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Sunghyeon Woo , Baeseong Park , Byeongwook Kim , Minjung Jo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsuk Jeon , Dongsoo Lee

Inference-time alignment provides an efficient alternative for aligning LLMs with humans. However, these approaches still face challenges, such as limited scalability due to policy-specific value functions and latency during the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruizhe Chen , Wenhao Chai , Zhifei Yang , Xiaotian Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Tony Quek , Soujanya Poria , Zuozhu Liu

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated promising generative capabilities and are increasingly used to produce formal languages defined by context-free grammars, such as source code and chemical expressions. However, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yitong Zhang , Yongmin Li , Yuetong Liu , Jia Li , Xiaoran Jia , Zherui Li , Ge Li

Due to the large number of parameters, the inference phase of Large Language Models (LLMs) is resource-intensive. Unlike traditional model compression, which needs retraining, recent dynamic computation methods show that not all components…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Siqi Fan , Xuezhi Fang , Xingrun Xing , Peng Han , Shuo Shang , Yequan Wang

Topic modeling, a method for extracting the underlying themes from a collection of documents, is an increasingly important component of the design of intelligent systems enabling the sense-making of highly dynamic and diverse streams of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Chris Gropp , Alexander Herzog , Ilya Safro , Paul W. Wilson , Amy W. Apon

Diffusion language models (DLMs) are an attractive alternative to autoregressive models because they promise sublinear-time, parallel generation, yet practical gains remain elusive as high-quality samples still demand hundreds of refinement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hasan Amin , Yuan Gao , Yaser Souri , Subhojit Som , Ming Yin , Rajiv Khanna , Xia Song

Masked Diffusion Language Models generate sequences via iterative sampling that progressively unmasks tokens. However, they still recompute the attention and feed-forward blocks for every token position at every step -- even when many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Daisuke Oba , Danushka Bollegala , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki