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Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in the software industry, contributing code as collaborators or even autonomous developers. As their presence grows, it becomes important to assess the current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Qixing Zhou , Jiacheng Zhang , Haiyang Wang , Rui Hao , Jiahe Wang , Minghao Han , Yuxue Yang , Shuzhe Wu , Feiyang Pan , Lue Fan , Dandan Tu , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Human-defined creativity is highly abstract, posing a challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to comprehend and assess creativity that aligns with human judgments. The absence of an existing benchmark further exacerbates this…

In recent years, the remarkable progress of large language models (LLMs) has sparked interest in task automation, which involves decomposing complex tasks described by user instructions into sub-tasks and invoking external tools to execute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yongliang Shen , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Wenqi Zhang , Kan Ren , Siyu Yuan , Weiming Lu , Dongsheng Li , Yueting Zhuang

Computer Using Agents (CUAs) are increasingly equipped with external tools, enabling them to perform complex and realistic tasks. For CUAs to operate effectively, application selection, which refers to deciding which application to use…

The rapid deployment of AI agents in commercial settings has outpaced the development of evaluation methodologies that reflect production realities. Existing benchmarks measure agent capabilities through retrospectively curated tasks with…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions. Unlike mathematical reasoning where errors are often rectifiable via backtracking, tool-use failures frequently induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shengda Fan , Xuyan Ye , Yupeng Huo , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yiju Guo , Shenzhi Yang , Wenkai Yang , Shuqi Ye , Jingwen Chen , Haotian Chen , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin

Data preparation is a central and time-consuming stage in data analysis workflows. Traditionally, commercial tools have relied on graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to simplify data preparation, allowing users to define transformations…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingzhe Xu , Rui Wang , Jiannan Wang , Guoliang Li

Task automation has been greatly empowered by the recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) via Python code, where the tasks ranging from software engineering development to general-purpose reasoning. While current benchmarks have…

With VLM-powered computer-using agents (CUAs) becoming increasingly capable at graphical user interface (GUI) navigation and manipulation, reliable step-level decision-making has emerged as a key bottleneck for real-world deployment. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhenyu Wu , Jingjing Xie , Zehao Li , Bowen Yang , Qiushi Sun , Zhaoyang Liu , Zhoumianze Liu , Yu Qiao , Xiangyu Yue , Zun Wang , Zichen Ding

We present AutoGLM, a new series in the ChatGLM family, designed to serve as foundation agents for autonomous control of digital devices through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). While foundation models excel at acquiring human knowledge,…

System models, a critical artifact in software development, provide a formal abstraction of both the structural and behavioral aspects of software systems, which can facilitate the early requirements analysis and architecture design.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Dongming Jin , Zhi Jin , Linyu Li , Zheng Fang , Jia Li , Xiaohong Chen

Formal verification is the next frontier for ensuring the correctness of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While methods that co-generate code and formal specifications in formal languages, like Dafny, can, in principle, prove…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingfei Zeng , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Fei Ye , Xu Xu , Binhang Yuan , Jie Fu

Recent advances in generative AI have led to remarkable interest in using systems that rely on large language models (LLMs) for practical applications. However, meaningful evaluation of these systems in real-world scenarios comes with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ethan M. Rudd , Christopher Andrews , Philip Tully

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various domains of artificial intelligence, including the realm of software engineering. In this research, we evaluate the efficacy of pre-trained LLMs in replicating the tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tajmilur Rahman , Rahul Singh , Mir Yousuf Sultan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability in function-level code generation tasks. Unlike isolated functions, real-world applications demand reasoning over the entire software system: developers must orchestrate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Dezhi Ran , Yuan Cao , Mengzhou Wu , Simin Chen , Yuzhe Guo , Jun Ren , Zihe Song , Hao Yu , Jialei Wei , Linyi Li , Wei Yang , Baishakhi Ray , Tao Xie

LLMs are transforming software development, yet current code generation and code repair benchmarks mainly assess syntactic and functional correctness in simple, single-error cases. LLMs' capabilities to autonomously find and fix runtime…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zhiyu Yang , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Yang Deng

Multimodal large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate dermatology diagnostic narratives directly from images. However, reliable evaluation remains the primary bottleneck for responsible clinical deployment. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuhao Shen , Jiahe Qian , Shuping Zhang , Zhangtianyi Chen , Tao Lu , Juexiao Zhou

GUI agents that interact with graphical interfaces on behalf of users represent a promising direction for practical AI assistants. However, training such agents is hindered by the scarcity of suitable environments. We present InfiniteWeb, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziyun Zhang , Zezhou Wang , Xiaoyi Zhang , Zongyu Guo , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Yan Lu

Usability evaluation is an essential method to support the design of effective and intuitive user interfaces (UIs). However, it commonly relies on resource-intensive, expert-driven methods, which limit its accessibility, especially for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Sebastian Lubos , Alexander Felfernig , Damian Garber , Gerhard Leitner , Julian Schwazer , Manuel Henrich

We introduce REAL, a benchmark and framework for multi-turn agent evaluations on deterministic simulations of real-world websites. REAL comprises high-fidelity, deterministic replicas of 11 widely-used websites across domains such as…