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Recently, LLM agents have made rapid progress in improving their programming capabilities. However, existing benchmarks lack the ability to automatically evaluate from users' perspective, and also lack the explainability of the results of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kaiyuan Liu , Youcheng Pan , Yang Xiang , Daojing He , Jing Li , Yexing Du , Tianrun Gao

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in programming, giving rise to "vibe coding", where users can build complete projects and even control computers using natural language instructions. This paradigm…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Fanheng Kong , Jingyuan Zhang , Yang Yue , Chenxi Sun , Yang Tian , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yu Tian , Jun Du , Wenchong Zeng , Han Li , Kun Gai

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is pivotal for human interaction with the digital world, enabling efficient device control and the completion of complex tasks. Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Danyang Zhang , Zhennan Shen , Rui Xie , Situo Zhang , Tianbao Xie , Zihan Zhao , Siyuan Chen , Lu Chen , Hongshen Xu , Ruisheng Cao , Kai Yu

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation, human-AI interaction is evolving from static text responses to dynamic, interactive HTML-based applications, which we term MiniApps. These applications require…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zuhao Zhang , Chengyue Yu , Yuante Li , Chenyi Zhuang , Linjian Mo , Shuai Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong results in code generation, but their ability to generate GUI applications, especially games, remains insufficiently studied. Existing benchmarks mainly evaluate correctness through test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhiyuan Peng , Wei Tao , Xin Yin , Chenhao Ying , Yuan Luo , Yiwen Guo

By simply composing prompts, developers can prototype novel generative applications with Large Language Models (LLMs). To refine prototypes into products, however, developers must iteratively revise prompts by evaluating outputs to diagnose…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Jamin Shin , Young-Ho Kim , Juho Kim

The generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly expanding from static code to dynamic, interactive visual artifacts. This progress is bottlenecked by a critical evaluation gap: established benchmarks focus on…

Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of mobile GUI agents powered by large language models (LLMs), which can autonomously execute diverse device-control tasks based on natural language instructions. The increasing accuracy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Guohong Liu , Jialei Ye , Jiacheng Liu , Yuanchun Li , Wei Liu , Pengzhi Gao , Jian Luan , Yunxin Liu

DevBench is a telemetry-driven benchmark designed to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) on realistic code completion tasks. It includes 1,800 evaluation instances across six programming languages and six task categories derived from real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Adarsh Kumarappan , Pareesa Ameneh Golnari , Wen Wen , Xiaoyu Liu , Gabriel Ryan , Yuting Sun , Shengyu Fu , Elsie Nallipogu

Autonomous agents capable of navigating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) hold the potential to revolutionize digital productivity. However, achieving true digital autonomy extends beyond reactive element matching; it necessitates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Xiping Wang , Jingran Su , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in front-end code generation. However, existing benchmarks exhibit several critical limitations: many tasks are overly simplistic, test cases often lack rigor, and end-to-end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hongda Zhu , Yiwen Zhang , Bing Zhao , Jingzhe Ding , Siyao Liu , Tong Liu , Dandan Wang , Yanan Liu , Zhaojian Li

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been used as agents to control keyboard and mouse inputs by directly perceiving the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and generating corresponding commands. However, current agents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Siyuan Wu , Jingyu Tang , Liuyi Chen , Yilin Bai , Zhigang He , Chenlong Wang , Huichi Zhou , Yiqiang Li , Tianshuo Zhou , Yue Yu , Chujie Gao , Qihui Zhang , Yi Gui , Zhen Li , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Jianfeng Gao , Lichao Sun

Evaluating LLM-generated interactive software requires execution in addition to static analysis. The key difficulty is that correctness is a graph-level reachable property over latent UI state-transition graphs, whereas a GUI evaluator…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Sirui Hong , Zhijie Liu , Tengfei Li , Wei Tao , Yifan Wu , Chenglin Wu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled agents to operate in open-ended web and operating system environments. However, existing benchmarks predominantly target consumer-oriented scenarios (e.g., e-commerce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ying Mo , Yu Bai , Dapeng Sun , Yuqian Shi , Yukai Miao , Li Chen , Dan Li

Code completion, a key downstream task in code generation, is one of the most frequent and impactful methods for enhancing developer productivity in software development. As intelligent completion tools evolve, we need a robust evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhenyu Pan , Rongyu Cao , Yongchang Cao , Yingwei Ma , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Han Liu , Yongbin Li

Standard single-turn, static benchmarks fall short in evaluating the nuanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex tasks such as software engineering. In this work, we propose a novel interactive evaluation framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Dimitrios Rontogiannis , Maxime Peyrard , Nicolas Baldwin , Martin Josifoski , Robert West , Dimitrios Gunopulos

Real-world data visualization (DV) requires native environmental grounding, cross-platform evolution, and proactive intent alignment. Yet, existing benchmarks often suffer from code-sandbox confinement, single-language creation-only tasks,…

GUIs are foundational to interactive systems and play a pivotal role in early requirements elicitation through prototyping. Ensuring that GUI implementations fulfill NL requirements is essential for robust software engineering, especially…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Alexander Maedche , Christian Bartelt

One important step in software development is testing the finished product with actual users. These tests aim, among other goals, at determining unintuitive behavior of the software as it is presented to the end-user. Moreover, they aim to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Tim Rosenbach , David Heidrich , Alexander Weinert

Developing full-stack web applications is complex and time-intensive, demanding proficiency across diverse technologies and frameworks. Although recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable automated webpage generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yuxuan Wan , Tingshuo Liang , Jiakai Xu , Jingyu Xiao , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu
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