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Achieving stable and energy-efficient locomotion is essential for humanoid robots to operate continuously in real-world applications. Existing MPC and RL approaches often rely on energy-related metrics embedded within a multi-objective…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Weidong Huang , Jingwen Zhang , Jiongye Li , Shibowen Zhang , Jiayang Wu , Jiayi Wang , Hangxin Liu , Yaodong Yang , Yao Su

For the deployment of legged robots in real-world environments, it is essential to develop robust locomotion control methods for challenging terrains that may exhibit unexpected deformability and irregularity. In this paper, we explore the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Rohan P. Singh , Mitsuharu Morisawa , Mehdi Benallegue , Zhaoming Xie , Fumio Kanehiro

Real-time tracking of human body motion is crucial for interactive and immersive experiences in AR/VR. However, very limited sensor data about the body is available from standalone wearable devices such as HMDs (Head Mounted Devices) or AR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Alexander Winkler , Jungdam Won , Yuting Ye

Designing control policies for legged locomotion is complex due to the under-actuated and non-continuous robot dynamics. Model-free reinforcement learning provides promising tools to tackle this challenge. However, a major bottleneck of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Tsung-Yen Yang , Tingnan Zhang , Linda Luu , Sehoon Ha , Jie Tan , Wenhao Yu

Model-based approaches for planning and control for bipedal locomotion have a long history of success. It can provide stability and safety guarantees while being effective in accomplishing many locomotion tasks. Model-free reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yu-Ming Chen , Hien Bui , Michael Posa

Recently, reinforcement learning has become a promising and polular solution for robot legged locomotion. Compared to model-based control, reinforcement learning based controllers can achieve better robustness against uncertainties of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Yikai Wang , Zheyuan Jiang , Jianyu Chen

The common approach for local navigation on challenging environments with legged robots requires path planning, path following and locomotion, which usually requires a locomotion control policy that accurately tracks a commanded velocity.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Nikita Rudin , David Hoeller , Marko Bjelonic , Marco Hutter

Most locomotion methods for humanoid robots focus on leg-based gaits, yet natural bipeds frequently rely on hands, knees, and elbows to establish additional contacts for stability and support in complex environments. This paper introduces…

This paper presents a novel learning-based control framework that uses keyframing to incorporate high-level objectives in natural locomotion for legged robots. These high-level objectives are specified as a variable number of partial or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Fatemeh Zargarbashi , Jin Cheng , Dongho Kang , Robert Sumner , Stelian Coros

Reward design remains a significant bottleneck in applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world problems. A popular alternative is reward learning, where reward functions are inferred from human feedback rather than manually specified.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chaitanya Kharyal , Calarina Muslimani , Matthew E. Taylor

Humanoid locomotion requires not only accurate command tracking for navigation but also compliant responses to external forces during human interaction. Despite significant progress, existing RL approaches mainly emphasize robustness,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tingxuan Leng , Yushi Wang , Tinglong Zheng , Changsheng Luo , Mingguo Zhao

Several earlier studies have shown impressive control performance in complex robotic systems by designing the controller using a neural network and training it with model-free reinforcement learning. However, these outstanding controllers…

We propose a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning framework for quadruped locomotion over challenging terrain. Our approach incorporates a two-layer hierarchy in which a high-level policy (HLP) selects optimal goals for a low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Jeremiah Coholich , Muhammad Ali Murtaza , Seth Hutchinson , Zsolt Kira

Humanoid robots offer significant versatility for performing a wide range of tasks, yet their basic ability to walk and run, especially at high velocities, remains a challenge. This letter presents a novel method that combines deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xinming Zhang , Xianghui Wang , Lerong Zhang , Guodong Guo , Xiaoyu Shen , Wei Zhang

Humanoid whole-body loco-manipulation promises transformative capabilities for daily service and warehouse tasks. While recent advances in general motion tracking (GMT) have enabled humanoids to reproduce diverse human motions, these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Siheng Zhao , Yanjie Ze , Yue Wang , C. Karen Liu , Pieter Abbeel , Guanya Shi , Rocky Duan

This paper presents an innovative method for humanoid robots to acquire a comprehensive set of motor skills through reinforcement learning. The approach utilizes an achievement-triggered multi-path reward function rooted in developmental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Fanxing Meng , Jing Xiao

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based motion imitation methods trained on demonstration data can effectively learn natural and expressive motions with minimal reward engineering but often struggle to generalize to novel environments. We address…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Zewei Zhang , Chenhao Li , Takahiro Miki , Marco Hutter

Parkour is a grand challenge for legged locomotion, even for quadruped robots, requiring active perception and various maneuvers to overcome multiple challenging obstacles. Existing methods for humanoid locomotion either optimize a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ziwen Zhuang , Shenzhe Yao , Hang Zhao

This paper presents a new learning framework that leverages the knowledge from imitation learning, deep reinforcement learning, and control theories to achieve human-style locomotion that is natural, dynamic, and robust for humanoids. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Chuanyu Yang , Kai Yuan , Shuai Heng , Taku Komura , Zhibin Li

Humanoid robots have demonstrated robust locomotion capabilities using Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based approaches. Further, to obtain human-like behaviors, existing methods integrate human motion-tracking or motion prior in the RL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Dewei Wang , Xinmiao Wang , Xinzhe Liu , Jiyuan Shi , Yingnan Zhao , Chenjia Bai , Xuelong Li