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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have expanded their application across various domains, including chip design, where domain-adapted chip models like ChipNeMo have emerged. However, these models often struggle with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chenhui Deng , Yunsheng Bai , Haoxing Ren

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven a growing demand for efficient inference, particularly in latency-sensitive applications such as chatbots and personalized assistants. Unlike traditional deep neural networks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Shubham Negi , Kaushik Roy

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) improves IC development productivity by enabling hardware design from C-like languages. However, strict coding constraints and design-specific optimizations limit its widespread adoption. While recent efforts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Runkai Li , Jia Xiong , Xiuyuan He , Jieru Zhao , Jiaqi Lv , Haowen Fang , Lei Qi , Xi Wang

The rapid growth of large-language models (LLMs) is driving a new wave of specialized hardware for inference. This paper presents the first workload-centric, cross-architectural performance study of commercial AI accelerators, spanning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amit Sharma

Running Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is constrained by high compute and memory demands posing a barrier for real-time applications in sectors like healthcare, education, and embedded systems. Current solutions such as…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly data-intensive due to growing model sizes, and they are becoming memory-bound as the context length and, consequently, the key-value (KV) cache size increase. Inference, particularly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Khyati Kiyawat , Zhenxing Fan , Yasas Seneviratne , Morteza Baradaran , Akhil Shekar , Zihan Xia , Mingu Kang , Kevin Skadron

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the Large Language Models (LLMs), have profoundly affected our daily work and communication forms. However, it is still a challenge to deploy LLMs on resource-constrained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Mingqiang Huang , Ao Shen , Kai Li , Haoxiang Peng , Boyu Li , Yupeng Su , Hao Yu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved remarkable success in specialized tasks but struggles with efficient skill acquisition and generalization. The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) benchmark evaluates intelligence based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Sébastien Ferré

Large Language Models (LLMs) are effective in computer hardware synthesis via hardware description language (HDL) generation. However, LLM-assisted approaches for HDL generation struggle when handling complex tasks. We introduce a suite of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Andre Nakkab , Sai Qian Zhang , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg

Continual learning is an essential capability of human cognition, yet it poses significant challenges for current deep learning models. The primary issue is that new knowledge can interfere with previously learned information, causing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Eric Nuertey Coleman , Luigi Quarantiello , Samrat Mukherjee , Julio Hurtado , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed an upsurge in automatic code generation, garnering significant attention for register transfer level (RTL) code generation. Despite the potential of RTL code generation with natural language, it…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Chenwei Xiong , Cheng Liu , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Hierarchical Multi-Agent Systems provide convenient and relevant ways to analyze, model, and simulate complex systems composed of a large number of entities that interact at different levels of abstraction. In this paper, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Ahmad Esmaeili , John C. Gallagher , John A. Springer , Eric T. Matson

Large language model (LLM) agents have emerged as powerful tools for complex tasks, yet their ability to adapt to individual users remains fundamentally limited. We argue this limitation stems from a critical architectural conflation:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Deepak Babu Piskala

Multi-robot task planning requires decomposing natural-language instructions into executable actions for heterogeneous robot teams. Conventional Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) planners provide rigorous guarantees but struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tomoya Kawabe , Rin Takano

Bridging the gap between algorithm development and hardware realization remains a persistent challenge, particularly in latency- and resource-constrained domains such as wireless communication. While MATLAB provides a mature environment for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jie Lei , Ruofan Jia , J. Andrew Zhang , Hao Zhang

This paper introduces MeLA, a Metacognitive LLM-Driven Architecture that presents a new paradigm for Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD). Traditional evolutionary methods operate directly on heuristic code; in contrast, MeLA evolves the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zishang Qiu , Xinan Chen , Long Chen , Ruibin Bai

Driven by Moore's Law, the complexity and scale of modern chip design are increasing rapidly. Electronic Design Automation (EDA) has been widely applied to address the challenges encountered in the full chip design process. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Ruizhe Zhong , Xingbo Du , Shixiong Kai , Zhentao Tang , Siyuan Xu , Hui-Ling Zhen , Jianye Hao , Qiang Xu , Mingxuan Yuan , Junchi Yan

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang

Large language model (LLM) inference performance is increasingly bottlenecked by the memory wall. While GPUs continue to scale raw compute throughput, they struggle to deliver scalable performance for memory bandwidth bound workloads. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Matthew Adiletta , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture offers enhanced efficiency for Large Language Models (LLMs) with modularized computation, yet its inherent sparsity poses significant hardware deployment challenges, including memory locality issues,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shuqing Luo , Ye Han , Pingzhi Li , Jiayin Qin , Jie Peng , Yang , Zhao , Yu , Cao , Tianlong Chen