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Vision-Language Models in Continual Learning (VLM-CL) aim to continuously adapt to new multimodal tasks while retaining prior knowledge. The emerging paradigm that couples Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiuhe Hong , Yuyang Liu , Shuo Yang , Tiantian Peng , Fei Zhu , Yonghong Tian

Large multimodal reasoning models have achieved rapid progress, but their advancement is constrained by two major limitations: the absence of open, large-scale, high-quality long chain-of-thought (CoT) data, and the instability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sicong Leng , Jing Wang , Jiaxi Li , Hao Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Boqiang Zhang , Yuming Jiang , Hang Zhang , Xin Li , Lidong Bing , Deli Zhao , Wei Lu , Yu Rong , Aixin Sun , Shijian Lu

We show that reinforcement learning with verifiable reward using one training example (1-shot RLVR) is effective in incentivizing the math reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Applying RLVR to the base model…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, RLVR training is often hindered by sparse binary rewards and weak credit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mengjie Ren , Jie Lou , Boxi Cao , Xueru Wen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Xing Yu , Yaojie Lu

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently shown that large language models (LLMs) can develop their own reasoning without direct supervision. However, applications in the medical domain, specifically for question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Mirza Farhan Bin Tarek , Rahmatollah Beheshti

Developing custom reasoning models via Reinforcement Learning (RL) that can incorporate organization-specific knowledge has great potential to address problems faced by enterprise customers. In many of these problems, the reward function is…

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become an effective paradigm for improving reasoning language models on tasks such as mathematics, coding, and scientific question answering. However, widely used group-relative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs), particularly for complex reasoning tasks, yet it often suffers from exploration collapse: policies prematurely concentrate on a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhiyuan Hu , Yucheng Wang , Yufei He , Jiaying Wu , Yilun Zhao , See-Kiong Ng , Cynthia Breazeal , Anh Tuan Luu , Hae Won Park , Bryan Hooi

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a central approach for improving the reasoning ability of large language models. Recent work studies RLVR through token entropy, arguing that high-entropy tokens drive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xinzhu Chen , Xuesheng Li , Zhongxiang Sun , Weijie Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce plausible but poorly-calibrated answers, limiting their reliability on reasoning-intensive tasks. We present Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback (RLSF), a post-training stage that uses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Carel van Niekerk , Renato Vukovic , Benjamin Matthias Ruppik , Hsien-chin Lin , Milica Gašić

Previous study suggest that powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) only refines reasoning path without improving the reasoning capacity in math tasks while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ran Li , Shimin Di , Yuchen Liu , Chen Jing , Yu Qiu , Lei Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) for large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable progress in enhancing LLMs' reasoning capabilities on tasks with clear correctness criteria, such as mathematical reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Guanxu Chen , Yafu Li , Yuxian Jiang , Chen Qian , Qihan Ren , Jingyi Yang , Yu Cheng , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), which uses simple binary feedback to post-train large language models, has found significant empirical success. However, a principled understanding of why it works is lacking. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Joe Suk , Yaqi Duan

Self-play bootstraps LLM reasoning through an iterative Challenger-Solver loop: the Challenger is trained to generate questions that target the Solver's capabilities, and the Solver is optimized on the generated data to expand its reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Gengsheng Li , Jinghan He , Shijie Wang , Dan Zhang , Ruiqi Liu , Renrui Zhang , Zijun Yao , Junfeng Fang , Haiyun Guo , Jinqiao Wang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for improving code generation in large language models, but its effectiveness is limited by weak and static verification signals in existing coding RL datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Chi Ruan , Dongfu Jiang , Huaye Zeng , Ping Nie , Wenhu Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in enhancing LLMs short-context reasoning, but its performance degrades in long-context scenarios that require both precise grounding and robust long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Miao Peng , Weizhou Shen , Nuo Chen , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Jia Li

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown great potential to enhance the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). However, due to the limited amount of information provided during the RLVR process, the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhipeng Chen , Xiaobo Qin , Wayne Xin Zhao , Youbin Wu , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities, often amplified by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting and reinforcement learning (RL). Although RL algorithms can substantially improve reasoning, they struggle to expand reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiangchi Yuan , Xiang Chen , Tong Yu , Dachuan Shi , Can Jin , Wenke Lee , Saayan Mitra

LLMs for code generation are commonly evaluated in repeated-sampling settings using Pass@k, where multiple candidate programs are executed against unit tests under a finite sampling budget. While recent verifier-based reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Le Bronnec Florian , Alexandre Verine , Rio Yokota , Benjamin Negrevergne

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation by learning from vast code corpora, a fundamental semantic gap remains between their training on textual patterns and the goal of functional correctness, which is governed by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Mengyang Liu , Hongyi Deng , Tian Wang , Yongding Tao , Rongyu Cao , Binhua Li , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Ge Li
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