Related papers: What makes a study design quasi-experimental? The …
Our article described an experiment that adjudicates between different causal accounts of Bell inequality violations by a comparison of their predictive power, finding that certain types of models that are structurally radical but…
Numerical predictions of quantities of interest measured within physical systems rely on the use of mathematical models that should be validated, or at best, not invalidated. Model validation usually involves the comparison of experimental…
The study of experimental design offers tremendous benefits for answering causal questions across a wide range of applications, including agricultural experiments, clinical trials, industrial experiments, social experiments, and digital…
Model selection and assessment with incomplete data pose challenges in addition to the ones encountered with complete data. There are two main reasons for this. First, many models describe characteristics of the complete data, in spite of…
A system's apparent simplicity depends on whether it is represented classically or quantally. This is not so surprising, as classical and quantum physics are descriptive frameworks built on different assumptions that capture, emphasize, and…
The term "measurement" in quantum theory (as well as in other physical theories) is ambiguous: It is used to describe both an experience - e.g., an observation in an experiment - and an interaction with the system under scrutiny. If doing…
Survey experiments are widely used to identify causal effects in political science and the social sciences. Yet researchers are typically interested in more than the internal validity of an experimentally induced contrast. They also want to…
Clinical risk prediction is a valuable tool for guiding healthcare interventions toward those most likely to benefit. Yet, evaluating the pairing of a risk prediction model with an intervention using randomized controlled trials presents…
Experiments used in current continual learning research do not faithfully assess fundamental challenges of learning continually. Instead of assessing performance on challenging and representative experiment designs, recent research has…
When we interpret linear regression as estimating causal effects justified by quasi-experimental treatment variation, what do we mean? This paper formalizes a minimal criterion for quasi-experimental interpretation and characterizes its…
For large classes of group testing problems, we derive lower bounds for the probability that all significant items are uniquely identified using specially constructed random designs. These bounds allow us to optimize parameters of the…
Dyadic research designs concern data that comprises interactions among actors. Dyadic approaches unambiguously constitute the most frequent designs employed in the empirical study of international politics, but what do such designs cary…
We review typical design problems encountered in the planning of observational studies and propose a unifying framework that allows us to use the same concepts and notation for different problems. In the framework, the design is defined as…
This paper presents and philosophically assesses three types of results on the observational equivalence of continuous-time measure-theoretic deterministic and indeterministic descriptions. The first results establish observational…
We address an ambiguity in identification strategies using difference-in-differences, which are widely applied in empirical research, particularly in economics. The assumption commonly referred to as the "no-anticipation assumption" states…
Uncertainty is an important and fundamental concept in physics education. Students are often first exposed to uncertainty in introductory labs, expand their knowledge across lab courses, and then are introduced to quantum mechanical…
The quantum decision theory is examined in its simplest form of two-condition two-choice setting. A set of inequalities to be satisfied by any quantum conditional probability describing the decision process is derived. Experimental data…
How should researchers analyze randomized experiments in which the main outcome is latent and measured in multiple ways but each measure contains some degree of error? We first identify a critical study-specific noncomparability problem in…
Similar to linear spaces, many examples of quasilinear spaces have a notion of multiplication of the elements. To characterising these examples, in the present paper we generalize the notion of quasilinear spaces and introduce…
Nowadays, interactive technologies are used almost everywhere. As a result, designers need to increasingly make them "socially acceptable". Previous work recommends "subtle" forms of interaction to increase social acceptability and avoid…