Related papers: Foliations by critical surfaces of the Hawking ene…
Local foliations of area constrained Willmore surfaces on a 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold were constructed by Lamm, Metzger and Schulze, and Ikoma, Machiodi and Mondino, the leaves of these foliations are, in particular, critical…
A key test for any quasi-local energy in general relativity is that it be nonnegative and satisfy a rigidity property; if it vanishes, the region enclosed is flat. We show that the Hawking energy, when evaluated on its natural…
In this work we obtain the limit of the Hawking energy of a large class of foliations along general null hypersurfaces $\Omega$ satisfying a weak notion of asymptotic flatness. The foliations are not required to be either geodesic or…
A formula is given for the variation of the Hawking energy along any one-parameter foliation of compact spatial 2-surfaces. A surface for which one null expansion is positive and the other negative has a preferred orientation, with a…
Let $(M,g)$ be a 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold. The goal of the paper it to show that if $P_{0}\in M$ is a non-degenerate critical point of the scalar curvature, then a neighborhood of $P_{0}$ is foliated by area-constrained Willmore…
We apply the method of Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction to study large area-constrained Willmore surfaces in Riemannian 3-manifolds asymptotic to Schwarzschild. In particular, we prove that the end of such a manifold is foliated by distinguished…
We investigate the Hawking energy of small surfaces in space times without symmetry assumptions by introducing the notion of Hawking type functionals. In particular, we find that Hawking type functionals are generalized Willmore functionals…
The Hawking energy has a monotonicity property under the inverse mean curvature flow on totally umbilic hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in Einstein spaces. It grows if the hypersurface is spacelike, and decreases if it is…
We study the area preserving Willmore flow in an asymptotic region of an asymptotically flat manifold which is $C^{3}-$close to Schwarzschild. It was shown by Lamm, Metzger and Schulze that such an end is foliated by spheres of Willmore…
The goal of this paper is to establish the existence of a foliation of the asymptotic region of an asymptotically flat manifold with nonzero mass by surfaces which are critical points of the Willmore functional subject to an area…
We prove rigidity results involving the Hawking mass for surfaces immersed in a $3$-dimensional, complete Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ with non-negative scalar curvature (resp. with scalar curvature bounded below by $-6$). Roughly, the main…
We establish a general criterion for the existence of finite energy foliations on contact three-manifolds with boundary, imposing strong global constraints on the associated Reeb flows. Our main abstract result shows that a configuration of…
We prove the existence of foliations by area-minimizing hypersurfaces in asymptotically flat (AF) manifolds with arbitrary dimension and arbitrary ends. Also we provide behaviors of those hypersurfaces near the infinity of AF ends and…
We introduce a notion of generalized Willmore functionals motivated by the Hawking energy of General Relativity and bending energies of membranes. An example of a bending energy is discussed in detail. Using results of Y. Chen and J. Li, we…
We refine the Lyapunov-Schmidt analysis developed in our recent paper arxiv:2101.12665 to study the geometric center of mass of the asymptotic foliation by area-constrained Willmore surfaces of initial data for the Einstein field equations.…
We prove a microlocal lower bound on the mass of high energy eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on compact surfaces of negative curvature, and more generally on surfaces with Anosov geodesic flows. This implies controllability for the…
It is shown that in a class of maximal globally hyperbolic spacetimes admitting two local Killing vectors, the past (defined with respect to an appropriate time orientation) of any compact constant mean curvature hypersurface can be covered…
Let $(M,g)$ be an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold with a smooth conformal compactification. We establish a general correspondence between semilinear elliptic equations of scalar curvature type on $\del M$ and Weingarten foliations in…
A dynamically preferred quasi-local definition of gravitational energy is given in terms of the Hamiltonian of a `2+2' formulation of general relativity. The energy is well-defined for any compact orientable spatial 2-surface, and depends…
In 1996, Huisken-Yau showed that every three-dimensional Riemannian manifold can be uniquely foliated near infinity by stable closed CMC-surfaces if it is asymptotically equal to the (spatial) Schwarzschild solution and has positive mass.…