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Dimensionality reduction techniques play important roles in the analysis of big data. Traditional dimensionality reduction approaches, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), have been studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Haozhe Xie , Jie Li , Hanqing Xue

Dimensionality reduction is a common method for analyzing and visualizing high-dimensional data. However, reasoning dynamically about the results of a dimensionality reduction is difficult. Dimensionality-reduction algorithms use complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Marco Cavallo , Çağatay Demiralp

Data are not only ubiquitous in society, but are increasingly complex both in size and dimensionality. Dimension reduction offers researchers and scholars the ability to make such complex, high dimensional data spaces simpler and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Philip D. Waggoner

Dimension reduction (DR) algorithms have proven to be extremely useful for gaining insight into large-scale high-dimensional datasets, particularly finding clusters in transcriptomic data. The initial phase of these DR methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yingfan Wang , Yiyang Sun , Haiyang Huang , Cynthia Rudin

Dimensionality reduction techniques map data represented on higher dimensions onto lower dimensions with varying degrees of information loss. Graph dimensionality reduction techniques adopt the same principle of providing latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Akhil Pandey Akella

Word embeddings have become the basic building blocks for several natural language processing and information retrieval tasks. Pre-trained word embeddings are used in several downstream applications as well as for constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Vikas Raunak

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is an important technique for data exploration and knowledge discovery. However, most of the main DR methods are either linear (e.g., PCA), do not provide an explicit mapping between the original data and its…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Thomas Uriot , Marco Virgolin , Tanja Alderliesten , Peter Bosman

Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a large family of algorithms that have been designed to provide different solutions to the problem of dimensionality reduction (DR). The DR is an essential tool to excavate the important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Haohao Li , Huibing Wang

Dimension reduction is the process of embedding high-dimensional data into a lower dimensional space to facilitate its analysis. In the Euclidean setting, one fundamental technique for dimension reduction is to apply a random linear map to…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-19 Samet Oymak , Joel A. Tropp

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of several multidimensional reduction methods focusing on Multidimensional Principal Component Analysis (MPCA), Multilinear Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Projection (MONPP), Multidimensional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Mohamed El Guide , Alaa El Ichi , Khalide Jbilou , Lothar Reichel , Hessah Alqahtani

Dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithms compress high-dimensional data into a lower dimensional representation while preserving important features of the data. DR is a critical step in many analysis pipelines as it enables visualisation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-26 Aditya Ravuri , Francisco Vargas , Vidhi Lalchand , Neil D. Lawrence

Dimensionality reduction is a common method for analyzing and visualizing high-dimensional data across domains. Dimensionality-reduction algorithms involve complex optimizations and the reduced dimensions computed by these algorithms…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Marco Cavallo , Çağatay Demiralp

High dimensional data can contain multiple scales of variance. Analysis tools that preferentially operate at one scale can be ineffective at capturing all the information present in this cross-scale complexity. We propose a multiscale joint…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-15 Daniel Sousa , Christopher Small

Dimensional data reduction methods are fundamental to explore and visualize large data sets. Basic requirements for unsupervised data exploration are simplicity, flexibility and scalability. However, current methods show complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Joan Garriga , Frederic Bartumeus

Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a widely used manifold learning technique for dimensionality reduction. This paper studies UMAP, supervised UMAP, and several competing dimensionality reduction methods, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Guanzhe Zhang , Shanshan Ding , Zhezhen Jin

Design Research Methodology (DRM) supports systematic design research through representations such as Reference Models and Impact Models. However, the practical construction and maintenance of these models often remains manual, requiring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Apala Chakrabarti

High-dimensional data, characterized by many features, can be difficult to visualize effectively. Dimensionality reduction techniques, such as PCA, UMAP, and t-SNE, address this challenge by projecting the data into a lower-dimensional…

t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a well-established visualization method for complex high-dimensional data. However, the original t-SNE method is nonparametric, stochastic, and often cannot well prevserve the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Zixia Zhou , Yuanyuan Wang , Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt , Qian Tao

We present a new method GTSNE to visualize high-dimensional data points in the two dimensional map. The technique is a variation of t-SNE that produces better visualizations by capturing both the local neighborhood structure and the macro…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Songting Shi

The clustering and visualisation of high-dimensional data is a ubiquitous task in modern data science. Popular techniques include nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods like t-SNE or UMAP. These methods face the `scale-problem' of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-20 Jack Kendrick