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We have developed a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray (CR) origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, gamma-rays, and synchrotron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 I. V. Moskalenko , A. W. Strong

Interstellar magnetic field is essential in various astrophysical phenomena and processes. Pulsar halos are a recently discovered class of TeV gamma-ray sources formed by escaping electrons/positrons from pulsars. The morphology of the halo…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-23 Chao-Ming Li , Ruo-Yu Liu , Huirong Yan

We present a new model for the Galactic distribution of free electrons. It (a) describes the distribution of the free electrons responsible for pulsar dispersion measures and thus can be used for estimating the distances to pulsars; (b)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 J. M. Cordes , T. J. W. Lazio

The diffusion coefficients around the pulsar $\gamma$-ray halos are highly suppressed compared with the value in the interstellar medium. It is suggested in the literature that the $\gamma$-ray halos can be explained by a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-17 Xiao-Jun Bi

It was suggested that the $\gamma$-ray halo around Geminga might not be interpreted by slow-diffusion. If the ballistic regime of electron/positron propagation is considered, the Geminga halo may be explained even with a large diffusion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Li-Zhuo Bao , Kun Fang , Xiao-Jun Bi , Sheng-Hao Wang

CALET (Calorimetric Electron Telescope), installed on the ISS in August 2015, directly measures the electron+positron cosmic rays flux up to 20 TeV. With its proton rejection capability of 1:10^5 and an aperture of 1200 cm^2 sr, it will…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-13 Holger Motz , Yoichi Asaoka , Shoji Torii , Saptashwa Bhattacharyya

A new numerical model of particle propagation in the Galaxy has been developed, which allows the study of cosmic-ray and gamma-ray production and propagation in 2D or 3D, including a full reaction network. This is a further development of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko

Isotropic diffusion models for Galactic cosmic ray transport put tight constraints on the maximum convection velocity in the halo. For a half halo height of 4 kpc the maximum convection speed is limited to 40 km/s in the halo, since…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-10-13 Iris Gebauer , Wim de Boer

Extended gamma-ray sources surrounding middle-aged pulsars, primarily observed at teraelectronvolt energies, have been interpreted as pulsar halos, where relativistic $e^\pm$ diffuse into the interstellar medium and produce inverse-Compton…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-25 Agnibha De Sarkar

Measuring the electron diffusion coefficient is the most straightforward task in the study of gamma-ray pulsar halos. The updated measurements of the spatial morphology and spectrum of the Geminga halo by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-21 Kun Fang

We have developed a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, gamma-rays, and synchrotron radiation. Our…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko

We are constructing a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, gamma-rays, and synchrotron radiation.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko

We describe a method for the numerical computation of the propagation of primary and secondary nucleons, primary electrons, and secondary positrons and electrons. Fragmentation and energy losses are computed using realistic distributions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 A. W. Strong , I. V. Moskalenko

Here we present Halo-FDCA, a robust open source Python package for modeling and estimating total flux densities of radio (mini) halos in galaxy clusters. Radio halos are extended ( ~200 - 1500 kpc in size) synchrotron emitting sources found…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-26 J. M. Boxelaar , R. J. van Weeren , A. Botteon

A population of unidentified gamma-ray sources is forming a structure resembling a halo around the Galactic center. These sources are highly variable, and hence they should be associated with compact objects. Microquasars are objects…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-07-02 Gustavo E. Romero , Gabriela S. Vila

Extended $\gamma$-ray emission has been observed around several nearby pulsars and is commonly interpreted as inverse-Compton radiation produced by relativistic electrons and positrons diffusing in the surrounding interstellar medium. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 Qian Zhong

We present a new-generation tool to model and interpret spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies, which incorporates in a consistent way the production of radiation and its transfer through the interstellar and intergalactic media.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-06 Jacopo Chevallard , Stéphane Charlot

Accurate particle simulations are essential for the next generation of experiments in astroparticle physics. The Monte Carlo simulation library PROPOSAL is a flexible tool to efficiently propagate high-energy leptons and photons through…

Focusing on the electron and positron spectrum measured with CALET, which shows characteristic structures, we calculate flux contributions of cosmic rays escaped from supernova remnants, which were randomly born. We adopt a Monte Carlo…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-16 Katsuaki Asano , Yoichi Asaoka , Yosui Akaike , Norita Kawanaka , Kazunori Kohri , Holger M. Motz , Toshio Terasawa

Context: The Sun has recently been predicted to be an extended source of gamma-ray emission, produced by inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of cosmic-ray (CR) electrons on the solar radiation field. The emission was predicted to be extended…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Elena Orlando , Andrew W. Strong