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This study examines the transient stability of low-inertia power systems with inverter-based generation (IBG) and proposes a sufficient stability criterion. In low-inertia grids, transient interactions are induced between the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Changjun He , Xiuqiang He , Hua Geng , Huadong Sun , Shiyun Xu

Integrating grid-forming converters (GFMCs) into grid-following converter (GFLC)-dominated power systems enhances the grid strength, but GFMCs' current-limiting characteristic triggers dynamic switching between constant voltage control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Bingfang Li , Songhao Yang , Pu Cheng , Zhiguo Hao

Fluctuations in phase angle and frequency under large disturbances can lead to loss of synchronism (LOS) in grid-following (GFL) converters. The power angle and frequency of synchronous generators (SGs) correspond to rotor position and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Fangyuan Sun , Ruisheng Diao , Ruiyuan Zeng , Junjie Li , Wangqianyun Tang

As the proportion of converter-interfaced renewable energy resources in the power system is increasing, the strength of the power grid at the connection point of wind turbine generators (WTGs) is gradually weakening. Existing research has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Mohammad Kazem Bakhshizadeh , Sujay Ghosh , Guangya Yang , Łukasz Kocewiak

Deploying synchronous condensers (SynCons) near grid-following renewable energy sources (GFLRs) is an effective and increasingly adopted strategy for grid support. However, the potential transient instability risks in such configurations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Bingfang Li , Songhao Yang , Qinglan Wang , Xu Zhang , Huan Xie , Chuan Qin , Zhiguo Hao

In the transient stability analysis of renewable energy grid-tied systems, although a large amount of works have devoted to the detailed electromagnetic transient simulation and the stability analyses of during-fault stage, the whole…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Hongsheng Xu , Meng Zhan

The output impedance matrix of a grid-connected converter plays an important role in analyzing system stability. Due to the dynamics of the DC-link control and the phase locked loop (PLL), the output impedance matrices of the converter and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Huanhai Xin , Ziheng Li , Wei Dong , Leiqi Zhang , Zhen Wang , Jian Zhao

Transients of a grid-synchronized voltage source converter (VSC) are closely related to over- currents and voltages occurred under large disturbances (e.g. a grid fault). Previous analysis in evaluating these transients usually neglect the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Chen Zhang , Marta Molinas , Xu Cai , Atle Rygg

The energy transition is causing many stability-related challenges for power systems. Transient stability refers to the ability of a power grid's bus angles to retain synchronism after the occurrence of a major fault. In this paper a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Tim Aschenbruck , Willem Esterhuizen , Stefan Streif

Grid forming control applied to power converters that interface storage or renewable generation to the power grid, has been identified as a potential solution to facilitate a substantial share of converter-based renewable generation in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-28 Kanakesh Vatta Kkuni , Guangya Yang

The significant electrical distance between wind power collection points and the main grid poses challenges for weak grid-connected wind power systems. A new type of voltage oscillation phenomenon induced by repeated low voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-09 Qiping Lai , Chen Shen , Dongsheng Li

Grid-following inverters have been widely adopted as a grid interface for renewable energy, and ensuring their small-signal and large-signal stability is critical to modern power systems. Their large-signal, or transient, stability is a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Yifan Zhang , Yunjie Gu , Yue Zhu , Yitong Li , Hsiao-Dong Chiang , Timothy C. Green

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG), with the analogous nonlinear power-angle relationship to the synchronous generator (SG), has attracted much attention as a promising solution for converter-based power systems. In this paper, a large…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Jiayue Lyu , Tianzhi Fang , Zhiheng Lin , Jingxue Han , Yantao Zhu

The grid-following and grid-forming controls in voltage-source converters are considered as different operation modes and the synchronization mechanism of them are studied separately. In this article, the intrinsic relationships between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 Kaizhe Zhang

Power distribution systems are becoming much more active with increased penetration of distributed energy resources. Because of the intermittent nature of these resources, the stability of distribution systems under large disturbances and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-25 Wenqi Cui , Baosen Zhang

The aggressive integration of distributed renewable sources is changing the dynamics of the electric power grid in an unexpected manner. As a result, maintaining conventional performance specifications, such as transient stability, may not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-14 Liviu Aolaritei , Dongchan Lee , Thanh Long Vu , Konstantin Turitsyn

Growing penetration of renewable generation in power systems brings more challenges in transient stability assessment using direct methods. One of the reasons is the inability to assess the risk of instability brought by tripping of a large…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-05 Chen Wang , Chetan Mishra , Virgilio A. Centeno

The wide deployment of renewable generation and the gradual decrease in the overall system inertia make modern power grids more vulnerable to transient instabilities and unacceptable frequency fluctuations. Time-domain simulation-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Dongchan Lee , Liviu Aolaritei , Thanh Long Vu , Konstantin Turitsyn

Grid-forming voltage source converters (GFM-VSCs) play a crucial role in the stability of power systems with large amounts of converter-based generation. Transient stability (angle stability under large disturbances) is a critical limiting…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Luis Rouco , Javier Renedo , Lukas Sigrist , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada

High penetration of distributed generators (DG) in modern power grids creates angle, voltage, and frequency instabilities. Most of the work in the literature has focused on small-signal stability analysis of single grid-connected inverters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-07 Ramkrishna Mishan
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