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Let $T$ be a tree. Suppose $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of $T$ with multiplicity $m_{T}(\lambda)$. It is known that $m_{T}(\lambda) \leq p(T)-1$, where $p(T)$ is the number of pendant vertices of $T$. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Vinayak Gupta , Gargi Lather , R. Balaji

We introduce a graph $\Gamma$ which is roughly isometric to the hyperbolic plane and we study the Steklov eigenvalues of a subgraph with boundary $\Omega$ of $\Gamma$. For $(\Omega_l)_{l\geq 1}$ a sequence of subraphs of $\Gamma$ such that…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Léonard Tschanz

In this paper we establish all extremal graphs with respect to augmented eccentric connectivity index among all (simple connected) graphs, among trees and among trees with perfect matching. For graphs that turn out to be extremal explicit…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-19 Jelena Sedlar

For a connected graph $G$ with order $n$ and an integer $k\geq 1$, we denote by $$S_k(D(G))=\lambda_1(D(G))+\cdots+\lambda_k(D(G))$$ the sum of $k$ largest distance eigenvalues of $G$. In this paper, we consider the sharp upper bound and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-25 Huiqiu Lin

(DRAFT VERSION) In this article we present a proof of the famous Kirchoff's Matrix-Tree theorem, which relates the number of spanning trees in a connected graph with the cofactors (and eigenvalues) of its combinatorial Laplacian matrix.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-08-02 Saad Quader

We obtain sharp upper bounds for the first two nonzero Steklov eigenvalues among bounded domains in Euclidean spaces of dimension $d \geq 7$ under a natural normalization involving volume and boundary measure. These bounds are derived from…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Denis Vinokurov

In this paper we study spectral properties of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on differential forms obtained by a slight modification of the definition due to Belishev and Sharafutdinov. The resulting operator $\Lambda$ is shown to be self-adjoint…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-26 Mikhail Karpukhin

Let v_1 and v_2 be two distinct vertices of a tree T_0. Let \phi_N^{(i)} (i=1,2) be the characteristic functions of the Sturm-Liouville problem on T_0 rooted at v_i with Neumann conditions at the root and let \phi_D^{(i)} (i=1,2) be the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Mats-Erik Pistol , Vyacheslav Pivovarchik

The spectrum of a non-Hermitian system generically forms a two-dimensional complex Riemannian manifold with distinct topology from the underlying parameter space. Spectral topology permits parametric loops to map the affiliated eigenvalue…

General Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Zhen Li , Kun Ding , Guancong Ma

This paper investigates the spectral properties of two classes of elliptic problems characterized by mixed Steklov-Robin boundary conditions. Our main objective is to prove that, for a generic domain, all the eigenvalues are simple. This…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Marco Ghimenti , Anna Maria Micheletti , Angela Pistoia

In [9] Kaimanovich introduced the concept of augmented tree on the symbolic space of a self-similar set. It is hyperbolic in the sense of Gromov, and it was shown in [13] that under the open set condition, a self-similar set can be…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-01-24 Jun Jason Luo , Ka-Sing Lau

In this short note, using the Kendall-Cranston coupling, we study on K\"ahler (resp. quaternion K\"ahler) manifolds first eigenvalue estimates in terms of dimension, diameter, and lower bounds on the holomorphic (resp. quaternionic)…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Fabrice Baudoin , Gunhee Cho , Guang Yang

This work presents conjectures about eigenvalues of matrices associated with $k$-path graphs, the algebraic connectivity, defined as the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix, and the $\alpha$-index, as the largest eigenvalue…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Rafael L. de Paula , Claudia M. Justel , Carla S. Oliveira , Milena S. Carauba

We provide an operator algebraic interpretation of discrete measurable groupoids in the course of re-proving (and slightly generalizing) a result on treeability due to Adams and Spatzier. Then, we reconstruct Gaboriau's beautiful work on…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Yoshimichi Ueda

Reachability analysis is a powerful tool when it comes to capturing the behaviour, thus verifying the safety, of autonomous systems. However, general-purpose methods, such as Hamilton-Jacobi approaches, suffer from the curse of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Alessandro Alla , Peter M. Dower , Vincent Liu

To most mathematicians and computer scientists the word ``tree'' conjures up, in addition to the usual image, the image of a connected graph with no circuits. In the last few years various types of trees have been the subject of much…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-06 John W. Morgan

In this paper we show the similarities and differences of two deep neural networks by comparing the manifolds composed of activation vectors in each fully connected layer of them. The main contribution of this paper includes 1) a new data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Tao Yu , Huan Long , John E. Hopcroft

The main result of this paper states that in a rooted product of a path with rooted graphs which are disposed in a somewhat mirror-symmetric fashion, there are distinct eigenvalues supported in the end vertices of the path which are too…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Gabriel Coutinho , Emanuel Juliano , Thomás Jung Spier

Random increasing k-trees represent an interesting, useful class of strongly dependent graphs for which analytic-combinatorial tools can be successfully applied. We study in this paper a notion called connectivity-profile and derive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-10-20 Alexis Darrasse , Hsien-Kuei Hwang , Olivier Bodini , Michèle Soria

In the present paper, we study sharp isoperimetric inequalities for the first Steklov eigenvalue $\sigma_1$ on surfaces with fixed genus and large number $k$ of boundary components. We show that as $k\to \infty$ the free boundary minimal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-09-24 Mikhail Karpukhin , Daniel Stern