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One of the main challenges for future 21 cm observations is to remove foregrounds which are several orders of magnitude more intense than the HI signal. We propose a new technique for removing foregrounds of the redshifted 21 cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Jungyeon Cho , A. Lazarian , P. Timbie

A critical challenge in measuring the power spectrum of 21cm emission from cosmic reionization is compensating for the frequency dependence of an interferometer's sampling pattern, which can cause smooth-spectrum foregrounds to appear…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Aaron R. Parsons , Jonathan C. Pober , James E. Aguirre , Christopher L. Carilli , Daniel C. Jacobs , David F. Moore

The neutral hydrogen 21cm line is potentially a very powerful probe of the observable universe, and a number of on-going experiments are trying to detect it at cosmological distances. However, the presence of strong foreground radiations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-14 Qizhi Huang , Fengquan Wu , Xuelei Chen

The future of precision cosmology could benefit from cross-correlations between intensity maps of unresolved neutral hydrogen (HI) and more conventional optical galaxy surveys. A major challenge that needs to be overcome is removing the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 Steven Cunnington , Laura Wolz , Alkistis Pourtsidou , David Bacon

A proposed method for dealing with foreground emission in upcoming 21-cm observations from the epoch of reionization is to limit observations to an uncontaminated window in Fourier space. Foreground emission can be avoided in this way,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-23 Hannes Jensen , Suman Majumdar , Garrelt Mellema , Adam Lidz , Ilian T. Iliev , Keri L. Dixon

21cm tomography opens a window to directly study astrophysics and fundamental physics of early epochs in our Universe's history, the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) and Cosmic Dawn (CD). Summary statistics such as the power spectrum omit…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 S. Neutsch , C. Heneka , M. Brüggen

Global (i.e. sky-averaged) $21$~cm signal experiments can measure the evolution of the universe from the Cosmic Dawn to the Epoch of Reionization. These measurements are challenged by the presence of bright foreground emission that can be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-25 Marta Spinelli , Gianni Bernardi , Mario G. Santos

21 cm tomography is expected to be difficult in part because of serious foreground contamination. Previous studies have found that line-of-sight approaches are capable of cleaning foregrounds to an acceptable level on large spatial scales,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-05 Adrian Liu , Max Tegmark , Judd Bowman , Jacqueline Hewitt , Matias Zaldarriaga

Power spectrum estimators are an important tool in efforts to detect the 21 cm brightness temperature fluctuations from neutral hydrogen at early times. An initial detection will likely be statistical in nature, meaning that it will not be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-24 Jacob Burba , Philip Bull , Michael J. Wilensky , Fraser Kennedy , Hugh Garsden , Katrine A. Glasscock

The precise measurement of the sky-averaged HI absorption signal between 50 and 200 MHz is the primary goal of global 21-cm cosmology. This measurement has the potential to unravel the underlying physics of cosmic structure formation and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Emma Shen , Dominic Anstey , Marta Spinelli , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Anastasia Fialkov

Tomography of redshifted 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen using Fourier synthesis telescopes is a promising tool to study the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Limiting the confusion from Galactic and Extragalactic foregrounds is critical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Harish Vedantham , N. Udaya Shankar , Ravi Subrahmanyan

We present the most detailed computation to date of the 21-cm global signal and fluctuations at $z\gtrsim 500$. Our calculations include a highly precise estimate of the Wouthuysen-Field (WF) effect and the first explicit calculation of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-29 Patrick C. Breysse , Yacine Ali-Haïmoud , Christopher M. Hirata

Twenty-one centimeter tomography is emerging as a powerful tool to explore the end of the cosmic dark ages and the reionization epoch, but it will only be as good as our ability to accurately model and remove astrophysical foreground…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Xiaomin Wang , Max Tegmark , Mario Santos , Lloyd Knox

The accurate and precise removal of 21-cm foregrounds from Epoch of Reionization redshifted 21-cm emission data is essential if we are to gain insight into an unexplored cosmological era. We apply a non-parametric technique, Generalized…

Many low-frequency radio interferometers are aiming to detect very faint spectral signatures from structures at cosmological redshifts, particularly of neutral Hydrogen using its characteristic 21 cm spectral line. Due to the very high…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-03 Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Chris Carilli

We study the prospects for extracting detailed statistical properties of the neutral Hydrogen distribution during the era of reionization using the brightness temperature fluctuations from redshifted 21 cm line emission. Detection of this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. G. Santos , A. Cooray , L. Knox

The 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen is a promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) but suffers from contamination by spectrally smooth foregrounds, which obscure the large-scale signal along the line of sight. We explore the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 Wenzer Qin , Kai-Feng Chen , Katelin Schutz , Adrian Liu

Accurate beam modeling is important in many radio astronomy applications. In this paper, we focus on beam modeling for 21-cm intensity mapping experiments using radio interferometers, though the techniques also apply to single dish…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 Michael J. Wilensky , Philip Bull , Nicolas Fagnoni