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In the past few years, Language Models (LMs) have shown par-human capabilities in several domains. Despite their practical applications and exceeding user consumption, they are susceptible to jailbreaks when malicious input exploits the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Charlotte Siska , Anush Sankaran

Defending large language models (LLMs) against jailbreak attacks is crucial for ensuring their safe deployment. Existing defense strategies typically rely on predefined static criteria to differentiate between harmful and benign prompts.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Rui Pu , Chaozhuo Li , Rui Ha , Litian Zhang , Lirong Qiu , Xi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Recent reasoning-based safety guardrails for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as deliberative alignment, have shown strong defense against jailbreak attacks. By leveraging LRMs' reasoning ability, these guardrails help the models to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shuo Chen , Zhen Han , Haokun Chen , Bailan He , Shengyun Si , Jingpei Wu , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable computational power and linguistic capabilities. However, these models are inherently prone to various biases stemming from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Riccardo Cantini , Giada Cosenza , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated increasing power, they have also given rise to a wide range of harmful behaviors. As representatives, jailbreak attacks can provoke harmful or unethical responses from LLMs, even after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Ben Zhou , Bang Zheng Li , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

Large language model (LLM) safety is a critical issue, with numerous studies employing red team testing to enhance model security. Among these, jailbreak methods explore potential vulnerabilities by crafting malicious prompts that induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Honglin Mu , Han He , Yuxin Zhou , Yunlong Feng , Yang Xu , Libo Qin , Xiaoming Shi , Zeming Liu , Xudong Han , Qi Shi , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Despite significant advancements in alignment and content moderation, large language models (LLMs) and text-to-image (T2I) systems remain vulnerable to prompt-based attacks known as jailbreaks. Unlike traditional adversarial examples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ahmed B Mustafa , Zihan Ye , Yang Lu , Michael P Pound , Shreyank N Gowda

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved widespread adoption across numerous applications. However, many LLMs are vulnerable to malicious attacks even after safety alignment. These attacks typically bypass LLMs' safety guardrails by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yucheng Li , Surin Ahn , Huiqiang Jiang , Amir H. Abdi , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has underscored concerns regarding their security vulnerabilities, notably against jailbreak attacks, where adversaries design jailbreak prompts to circumvent safety mechanisms for potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yingchaojie Feng , Zhizhang Chen , Zhining Kang , Sijia Wang , Haoyu Tian , Wei Zhang , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) has drawn significant attention from the general public and LLM vendors. One particular type of adversarial prompt, known as jailbreak prompt, has emerged as the main attack vector to bypass the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Xinyue Shen , Zeyuan Chen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

In recent years, the security vulnerabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a serious concern in the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) research. These highly intelligent models, capable of performing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Joaquin Molto , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have seen rapid development in recent years, revolutionizing various applications and significantly enhancing convenience and productivity. However, alongside their impressive capabilities, ethical concerns and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yu-Ling Hsu , Hsuan Su , Shang-Tse Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed behind safety guardrails such as system prompts and content filters, especially in settings where product teams cannot modify model weights. In practice these guardrails are typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Perry Abdulkadir

Jailbreak vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), which exploit meticulously crafted prompts to elicit content that violates service guidelines, have captured the attention of research communities. While model owners can defend…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Dongyu Yao , Jianshu Zhang , Ian G. Harris , Marcel Carlsson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained with safety alignment to prevent generating malicious content. Although some attacks have highlighted vulnerabilities in these safety-aligned LLMs, they typically have limitations, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jesson Wang , Zhanhao Hu , David Wagner

Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly reshape modern life, advancing fields from healthcare to education and beyond. However, alongside their remarkable capabilities lies a significant threat: the susceptibility of these models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Michael Fire , Yitzhak Elbazis , Adi Wasenstein , Lior Rokach

Large Language Models (LLMs) aligned with human feedback have recently garnered significant attention. However, it remains vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to induce harmful outputs. Exploring jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hongyi Li , Jiawei Ye , Jie Wu , Tianjie Yan , Chu Wang , Zhixin Li

Despite substantial advancements in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, current safety mechanisms remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks. We hypothesize that this vulnerability stems from distributional discrepancies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Jingyu Peng , Maolin Wang , Nan Wang , Jiatong Li , Yuchen Li , Yuyang Ye , Wanyu Wang , Pengyue Jia , Kai Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das
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