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Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate highly persuasive text, raising concerns about their misuse for propaganda, manipulation, and other harmful purposes. This leads us to our central question: Is LLM-generated persuasion more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Arkadiusz Modzelewski , Paweł Golik , Anna Kołos , Giovanni Da San Martino

The potential misuse of ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding the dissemination of false information, plagiarism, academic dishonesty, and fraudulent activities. Consequently, distinguishing between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Kavita Kumari , Alessandro Pegoraro , Hossein Fereidooni , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates non-parametric knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), typically from unstructured texts and structured graphs. While recent progress has advanced text-based RAG to multi-turn reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yucan Guo , Miao Su , Saiping Guan , Zihao Sun , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) successfully model natural language from vast amounts of text without the need for explicit supervision. In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of LLMs in modeling passwords. We present PassGPT, a LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Javier Rando , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Briland Hitaj

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing with their remarkable capabilities in text generation and reasoning. However, these models face critical challenges when deployed in real-world applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Pengcheng Jiang , Siru Ouyang , Yizhu Jiao , Ming Zhong , Runchu Tian , Jiawei Han

Distinguishing in- and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for reliable deployment of classification systems. However, OOD data is typically unavailable or difficult to collect, posing a significant challenge for accurate OOD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Momin Abbas , Muneeza Azmat , Raya Horesh , Mikhail Yurochkin

With the advancement in capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), one major step in the responsible and safe use of such LLMs is to be able to detect text generated by these models. While supervised AI-generated text detectors perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code-related tasks, such as code generation and automated program repair. Despite their promising performance, most existing approaches for code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yicong Zhao , Shisong Chen , Jiacheng Zhang , Zhixu Li

Purpose: Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for medical applications. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) emerges as a promising approach for customizing domain knowledge in LLMs. This case study presents the development…

Detecting text generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial but challenging. Existing detectors depend on impractical assumptions, such as white-box settings, or solely rely on text-level features, leading to imprecise detection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xuecong Li , Xiaohong Li , Qiang Hu , Yao Zhang , Junjie Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now capable of generating text that closely resembles human writing, making them powerful tools for content creation, but this growing ability has also made it harder to tell whether a piece of text was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhammad Ammar , Hadiya Murad Hadi , Usman Majeed Butt

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has yielded impressive success in various downstream tasks. However, the vast potential and remarkable capabilities of LLMs also raise new security and privacy concerns if they are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jiawei Zhao , Kejiang Chen , Xiaojian Yuan , Yuang Qi , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources. This method addresses common LLM limitations, including outdated information and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yuanjie Lyu , Zhiyu Li , Simin Niu , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Wenjin Wang , Hao Wu , Huanyong Liu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

We revisit the likelihood ratio between a pretrained large language model (LLM) and its finetuned variant as a criterion for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. The intuition behind such a criterion is that, the pretrained LLM has the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Weiyang Liu , Robert Bamler , Damon Wischik

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed the digital information landscape, making it increasingly challenging to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated content. Detecting LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Minjia Mao , Dongjun Wei , Xiao Fang , Michael Chau

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, varying response quality across LLMs under RAG necessitates intelligent routing mechanisms,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiarui Zhang , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) leverages external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in code synthesis, improving the functional correctness of the generated code. However, existing RACG systems largely overlook…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yihao Qin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made machine-generated text increasingly difficult to distinguish from human-written text. While recent studies explore leveraging internal representations of language models to…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-14 Luxu Liang , Xiang Li

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced to a point that even humans have difficulty discerning whether a text was generated by another human, or by a computer. However, knowing whether a text was produced by human or artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Kathleen C. Fraser , Hillary Dawkins , Svetlana Kiritchenko