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Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in Verilog generation from natural language description. However, ensuring the functional correctness of the generated code remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked significant interest in the automatic generation of Register Transfer Level (RTL) designs, particularly using Verilog. Current research on this topic primarily focuses on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Xi Wang , Zhe Jiang , Nan Guan

Modern chip design is complex, and there is a crucial need for early-stage prediction of key design-quality metrics like timing and routing congestion directly from Verilog code (a commonly used programming language for hardware design). It…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a popular choice in vulnerability detection studies given their foundational capabilities, open source availability, and variety of models, but have limited scalability due to extensive compute…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Miles Farmer , Ekincan Ufuktepe , Anne Watson , Hialo Muniz Carvalho , Vadim Okun , Zineb Maasaoui , Kannappan Palaniappan

With the unprecedented advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), their application domains have expanded to include code generation tasks across various programming languages. While significant progress has been made in enhancing LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Luyao Shi , Stefano Ambrogio , Charles Mackin , Apoorva Nitsure , David Beymer , Ehsan Degan

Large language models (LLMs) trained via reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR) have achieved breakthroughs on tasks with explicit, automatable verification, such as software programming and mathematical problems. Extending…

Code Linting tools are vital for detecting potential defects in Verilog code. However, the limitations of traditional Linting tools are evident in frequent false positives and redundant defect reports. Recent advancements in large language…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhigang Fang , Renzhi Chen , Zhijie Yang , Yang Guo , Huadong Dai , Lei Wang

Traditional vulnerability detection methods rely heavily on predefined rule matching, which often fails to capture vulnerabilities accurately. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), leveraging their ability to understand code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiang Li , Yueci Su , Jiahao Liu , Zhiwei Lin , Yuebing Hou , Peiming Gao , Yuanchao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating software code for high-level programming languages such as Python and C++. However, their application to hardware description languages, such as Verilog,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Tan , Xiangchen Meng , Zijun Jiang , Yangdi Lyu

We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate high-quality Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code with minimal human interference. The traditional RTL design workflow requires human experts to manually write high-quality RTL…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hanxian Huang , Zhenghan Lin , Zixuan Wang , Xin Chen , Ke Ding , Jishen Zhao

Recent advancements in generative AI have led to the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) in software engineering, addressing numerous long-standing challenges. However, a comprehensive study examining the capabilities of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ting Zhang , Chengran Yang , Yindu Su , Martin Weyssow , Hung Nguyen , Tan Bui , Hong Jin Kang , Yikun Li , Eng Lieh Ouh , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

Recent advances have demonstrated the promising capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in generating register-transfer level (RTL) code, such as Verilog. However, existing LLM-based frameworks still face significant challenges in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jian Zuo , Junzhe Liu , Xianyong Wang , Yicheng Liu , Navya Goli , Tong Xu , Hao Zhang , Umamaheswara Rao Tida , Zhenge Jia , Mengying Zhao

The automatic generation of Verilog code using Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest in hardware design automation. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs in Verilog generation fall short in replicating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Pengwei Jin , Di Huang , Chongxiao Li , Shuyao Cheng , Yang Zhao , Xinyao Zheng , Jiaguo Zhu , Shuyi Xing , Bohan Dou , Rui Zhang , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Xing Hu

Although LLMs have shown promising potential in vulnerability detection, this study reveals their limitations in distinguishing between vulnerable and similar-but-benign patched code (only 0.06 - 0.14 accuracy). It shows that LLMs struggle…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xueying Du , Geng Zheng , Kaixin Wang , Yi Zou , Yujia Wang , Wentai Deng , Jiayi Feng , Mingwei Liu , Bihuan Chen , Xin Peng , Tao Ma , Yiling Lou

Recent advancements in code generation have shown remarkable success across software domains, yet hardware description languages (HDLs) such as Verilog remain underexplored due to their concurrency semantics, syntactic rigidity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Fu Teng , Miao Pan , Xuhong Zhang , Zhezhi He , Yiyao Yang , Xinyi Chai , Mengnan Qi , Liqiang Lu , Jianwei Yin

Code vulnerability detection (CVD) is essential for addressing and preventing system security issues, playing a crucial role in ensuring software security. Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods rely on either fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xuefeng Jiang , Lvhua Wu , Sheng Sun , Jia Li , Jingjing Xue , Yuwei Wang , Tingting Wu , Min Liu

Software vulnerabilities continue to pose significant threats to modern information systems, requiring a timely and accurate risk assessment. Public repositories, such as the National Vulnerability Database and CVE details, are regularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Luat Do , Jiao Yin , Jinli Cao , Hua Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in debugging for various programming languages. However, the application of LLMs to Verilog debugging remains insufficiently explored. Here, we present VeriDebug, an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant improvement in RTL code generation. Despite the advances, the generated code is often riddled with common vulnerabilities and weaknesses (CWEs) that can slip by untrained eyes. Attackers…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Prithwish Basu Roy , Zeng Wang , Anatolii Chuvashlov , Weihua Xiao , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Ramesh Karri

In this study, we explore the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate hardware design by generating high-quality Verilog code, a common language for designing and modeling digital systems. We fine-tune pre-existing LLMs on…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg