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The fundamental tension between availability and consistency shapes the design of distributed storage systems. Classical results capture extreme points of this trade-off: the CAP theorem shows that strong models like linearizability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hagit Attiya , Constantin Enea , Enrique Román-Calvo

We study the fair allocation of indivisible goods under cardinality constraints, where each agent must receive a bundle of fixed size. This models practical scenarios, such as assigning shifts or forming equally sized teams. Recently,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Alviona Mancho , Evangelos Markakis , Nicos Protopapas

Recent works have explored the use of momentum in local methods to enhance distributed SGD. This is particularly appealing in Federated Learning (FL), where momentum intuitively appears as a solution to mitigate the effects of statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Riccardo Zaccone , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy , Carlo Masone

Assuming repeated independent sampling from a Bernoulli distribution with two possible outcomes S and F, there are formulas for computing the probability of one specific pattern of consecutive outcomes (such as SSFFSS) winning (i.e. being…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-23 Rita Abraham , Jan Vrbik

We develop a diagrammatic technique to represent the multi-point cumulative probability density function (CPDF) of mass fluctuations in terms of the statistical properties of individual collapsed objects and relate this to other statistical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Dipak Munshi , Peter Coles , Adrian L. Melott

In two recent articles we have examined a generalization of the binomial distribution associated with a sequence of positive numbers, involving asymmetric expressions of probabilities that break the symmetry {\it win-loss}. We present in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 H. Bergeron , E. M. F. Curado , J. P. Gazeau , Ligia M. C. S. Rodrigues

The average coflow completion time (CCT) is the standard performance metric in coflow scheduling. However, standard CCT minimization may introduce unfairness between the data transfer phase of different computing jobs. Thus, while progress…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Francesco De Pellegrini , Vaibhav Kumar Gupta , Rachid El Azouzi , Serigne Gueye , Cedric Richier , Jeremie Leguay

We study how increasing competition, by making prizes more unequal, affects effort in contests. In a finite type-space environment, we characterize the equilibrium, analyze the effect of competition under linear costs, and identify…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-02-13 Andrzej Baranski , Sumit Goel

Many of the traditional recommendation algorithms are designed based on the fundamental idea of mining or learning correlative patterns from data to estimate the user-item correlative preference. However, pure correlative learning may lead…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shuyuan Xu , Yingqiang Ge , Yunqi Li , Zuohui Fu , Xu Chen , Yongfeng Zhang

We study how to incentivize agents in a target group to produce a higher output in the context of incomplete information, by means of rank-order allocation contests. We describe a symmetric Bayes--Nash equilibrium for contests that have two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Edith Elkind , Abheek Ghosh , Paul Goldberg

Casting machine learning as a type of search, we demonstrate that the proportion of problems that are favorable for a fixed algorithm is strictly bounded, such that no single algorithm can perform well over a large fraction of them. Our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-20 George D. Montanez

We focus on a simple, one-dimensional collective decision problem (often referred to as the facility location problem) and explore issues of strategyproofness and proportionality-based fairness. We introduce and analyze a hierarchy of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Haris Aziz , Alexander Lam , Barton E. Lee , Toby Walsh

As machine learning (ML) algorithms are used in applications that involve humans, concerns have arisen that these algorithms may be biased against certain social groups. \textit{Counterfactual fairness} (CF) is a fairness notion proposed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhiqun Zuo , Tian Xie , Xuwei Tan , Xueru Zhang , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili

Probabilistic concurrent systems are foundational models for modern mobile computing. In this paper, a unifying approach to probabilistic testing equivalences is proposed. With the help of a new distribution-based semantics for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Weijun Chen , Yuxi Fu , Huan Long , Hao Wu

We give a concentration inequality based on the premise that random variables take values within a particular region. The concentration inequality guarantees that, for any sequence of correlated random variables, the difference between the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-21 Go Kato

We study two axioms for social choice functions that capture the impact of similar candidates: independence of clones (IoC) and composition consistency (CC). We clarify the relationship between these axioms by observing that CC is strictly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ratip Emin Berker , Sílvia Casacuberta , Isaac Robinson , Christopher Ong , Vincent Conitzer , Edith Elkind

The theory of two-sided matching has been extensively developed and applied to many real-life application domains. As the theory has been applied to increasingly diverse types of environments, researchers and practitioners have encountered…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Sung-Ho Cho , Kei Kimura , Kiki Liu , Kwei-guu Liu , Zhengjie Liu , Zhaohong Sun , Kentaro Yahiro , Makoto Yokoo

Consider a social-choice function (SCF) is chosen to decide votes in a formal system, including votes to replace the voting method itself. Agents vote according to their ex-ante belief over what decisions are considered, and whether they…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-15 Yotam Gafni

Federated clustering, an essential extension of centralized clustering for federated scenarios, enables multiple data-holding clients to collaboratively group data while keeping their data locally. In centralized scenarios, clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jing Liu , Jie Yan , Zhong-Yuan Zhang

Two active hypothesis testing problems are formulated. In these problems, the agent can perform a fixed number of experiments and then decide on one of the hypotheses. The agent is also allowed to declare its experiments inconclusive if…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-19 Dhruva Kartik , Ashutosh Nayyar , Urbashi Mitra