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Estimating observable expectation values in eigenstates of quantum systems has a broad range of applications and is an area where early fault-tolerant quantum computers may provide practical quantum advantage. We develop a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Bence Bakó , Tenzan Araki , Bálint Koczor

In this paper we present the solution to the problem of optimally discriminating among quantum states, i.e., identifying the states with maximum probability of success when a certain fixed rate of inconclusive answers is allowed. By varying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-31 E. Bagan , R. Munoz-Tapia , G. A. Olivares-Renteria , J. A. Bergou

Quantum Error Correction will be necessary for preserving coherent states against noise and other unwanted interactions in quantum computation and communication. We develop a general theory of quantum error correction based on encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme

There are two common settings in a quantum-state discrimination problem. One is minimum-error discrimination where a wrong guess (error) is allowed and the discrimination success probability is maximized. The other is unambiguous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Hayashi , T. Hashimoto , M. Horibe

The discrimination between non-orthogonal quantum states plays a pivotal role in quantum information processing and quantum technology. Strategies that minimize the error probability are of particular importance, but they are only known for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Georgios M. Nikolopoulos

We show a geometric formulation for minimum-error discrimination of qubit states, that can be applied to arbitrary sets of qubit states given with arbitrary a priori probabilities. In particular, when qubit states are given with equal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Joonwoo Bae , Won-Young Hwang

A central problem in Binary Hypothesis Testing (BHT) is to determine the optimal tradeoff between the Type I error (referred to as false alarm) and Type II (referred to as miss) error. In this context, the exponential rate of convergence of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Sebastian Espinosa , Jorge F. Silva , Pablo Piantanida

Any reasonable measure of distinguishability of quantum states must satisfy a data processing inequality, that is, it must not increase under the action of a quantum channel. We can ask about the proportion of information lost or preserved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Shreyas Iyer , Peixue Wu , Paula Belzig , Graeme Smith

We develop error-tolerant quantum state discrimination(QSD) strategies that maintain reliable performance under moderate noise. Two complementary approaches are proposed: CrossQSD, which generalizes unambiguous discrimination with tunable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Chien-Kai Ma , Bo-Hung Chen , Tian-Fu Chen , Dah-Wei Chiou , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang

The generalized quantum Stein's lemma provides an explicit expression for the optimal error exponent when distinguishing many independent and identically distributed (iid) copies of a given bipartite state from the set of separable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Giulia Mazzola , David Sutter , Renato Renner

Distinguishing resource states from resource-free states is a fundamental task in quantum information. We have approached the state detection problem through a hypothesis testing framework, with the alternative hypothesis set comprising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Masahito Hayashi

Using the convex optimization method and Helstrom family of ensembles introduced in Ref. [1], we have discussed optimal ambiguous discrimination in qubit systems. We have analyzed the problem of the optimal discrimination of N known quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-26 M. A. Jafarizadeh , Y. Mazhari , M. Aali

Quantum state estimation aims at determining the quantum state from observed data. Estimating the full state can require considerable efforts, but one is often only interested in a few properties of the state, such as the fidelity with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-15 Xikun Li , Jiangwei Shang , Hui Khoon Ng , Berthold-Georg Englert

In the binary hypothesis testing problem, it is well known that sequentiality in taking samples eradicates the trade-off between two error exponents, yet implementing the optimal test requires the knowledge of the underlying distributions,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ching-Fang Li , I-Hsiang Wang

Encoding in a high-dimensional Hilbert space improves noise resilience in quantum information processing. This approach, however, may result in cross-mode coupling and detection complexities, thereby reducing quantum cryptography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Amit Kam , Kfir Sulimany , Shai Tsesses , Uzi Pereg

Quantum hypothesis testing is a central task in the entire field of quantum information theory. Understanding its ultimate limits will give insight into a wide range of quantum protocols and applications, from sensing to communication.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Quntao Zhuang , Stefano Pirandola

We present a generalization of quantum error correction to infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. The generalization yields new classes of quantum error correcting codes that have no finite-dimensional counterparts. The error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-06 Cédric Bény , Achim Kempf , David W. Kribs

In Part II we show that there exist quantum codes whose probability of undetected error falls exponentially with the length of the code and derive bounds on this exponent.The lower (existence) bound for stabilizer codes is proved by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Ashikhmin , A. Barg , E. Knill , S. Litsyn

How well can we approximate a quantum channel output state using a random codebook with a certain size? In this work, we study the quantum soft covering problem. Namely, we use a random codebook with codewords independently sampled from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Hao-Chung Cheng , Li Gao

Exponential error bounds for the finite-alphabet interference channel (IFC) with two transmitter-receiver pairs, are investigated under the random coding regime. Our focus is on optimum decoding, as opposed to heuristic decoding rules that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-10-14 Raul Etkin , Neri Merhav , Erik Ordentlich