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Multimodal LLMs can accurately perceive numerical content across modalities yet fail to perform exact multi-digit multiplication when the identical underlying arithmetic problem is presented as numerals, number words, images, or in audio…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Samuel G. Balter , Ethan Jerzak , Connor T. Jerzak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities across tasks and languages, revolutionizing natural language processing. This paper investigates the naturally emerging representation alignment in LLMs,…

The ability of generative large language models (LLMs) to perform in-context learning has given rise to a large body of research into how best to prompt models for various natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Armel Zebaze , Benoît Sagot , Rachel Bawden

While Large language models (LLMs) have proved able to address some complex reasoning tasks, we also know that they are highly sensitive to input variation, which can lead to different solution paths and final answers. Answer consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Huiyuan Lai , Xiao Zhang , Malvina Nissim

Geometric analyses of large language model (LLM) representations reveal structured variation across depth but remain fundamentally correlational with respect to token prediction formation. Meanwhile, causal interventions expose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Shahar Haim , Daniel C McNamee

The advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has greatly accelerated the development of applications in understanding integrated texts and images. Recent works leverage image-caption datasets to train MLLMs, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Mingxu Tao , Quzhe Huang , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Language models (LMs) have introduced a major paradigm shift in Natural Language Processing (NLP) modeling where large pre-trained LMs became integral to most of the NLP tasks. The LMs are intelligent enough to find useful and relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Abbas Raza Ali , Muhammad Ajmal Siddiqui , Rema Algunaibet , Hasan Raza Ali

Motivated by interpretability and reliability, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) deploy universal geometric structures to encode discrete, graph-structured knowledge. To this end, we present two complementary experimental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 David D. Baek , Yuxiao Li , Max Tegmark

Despite being pretrained on multilingual corpora, large language models (LLMs) exhibit suboptimal performance on low-resource languages. Recent approaches have leveraged multilingual encoders alongside LLMs by introducing trainable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhiwen Ruan , Yixia Li , He Zhu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

We present the second ever evaluated Arabic dialect-to-dialect machine translation effort, and the first to leverage external resources beyond a small parallel corpus. The subject has not previously received serious attention due to lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Alexander Erdmann , Nizar Habash , Dima Taji , Houda Bouamor

This paper examines the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in translating the low-resource Lebanese dialect, focusing on the impact of culturally authentic data versus larger translated datasets. We compare three fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Silvana Yakhni , Ali Chehab

Large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed for open-ended communication, yet most bias evaluations still rely on English, classification-style tasks. We introduce \corpusname, a new multilingual, debate-style benchmark designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Muhammed Saeed , Muhammad Abdul-mageed , Shady Shehata

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assign document relevance labels in information retrieval pipelines, especially in domains lacking human-labeled data. However, different models often disagree on borderline cases,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-04 William A. Ingram , Bipasha Banerjee , Edward A. Fox

Over the past three years, the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a profound impact on multiple areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) across diverse languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Haneh Rhel , Dmitri Roussinov

Code data has been shown to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but it remains unclear which aspects of code are most responsible. We investigate this question with a systematic, data-centric framework. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Abdul Waheed , Zhen Wu , Carolyn Rosé , Daphne Ippolito

Assisting LLMs with code generation improved their performance on mathematical reasoning tasks. However, the evaluation of code-assisted LLMs is generally restricted to execution correctness, lacking a rigorous evaluation of their generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Zena Al-Khalili , Nick Howell , Dietrich Klakow

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping machine translation (MT), particularly by introducing instruction-following, in-context learning, and preference-based alignment into what has traditionally been a supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Baban Gain , Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

Multilingual pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are incredibly effective at Question Answering (QA), a core task in Natural Language Understanding, achieving high accuracies on several multilingual benchmarks. However, little is known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are integral to many modern natural language processing (NLP) systems. Although multilingual models cover a wide range of languages, they often grapple with challenges like high inference costs and a lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Murtadha Ahmed , Saghir Alfasly , Bo Wen , Jamaal Qasem , Mohammed Ahmed , Yunfeng Liu

Mathematical reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) is often evaluated using benchmarks with limited numerical ranges, failing to reflect real-world problem-solving across diverse scales. Furthermore, most existing evaluation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Safal Shrestha , Minwu Kim , Keith Ross
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