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We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

Looped Transformers (LT) have emerged as a powerful architecture by iterating their layers multiple times before decoding the final token. However, pairing them with full attention retains quadratic complexity, making them computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chunyuan Deng , Yizhe Zhang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Jiarui Liu , T. S. Eugene Ng , Hanjie Chen

Attention is a core component of transformer architecture, whether encoder-only, decoder-only, or encoder-decoder model. However, the standard softmax attention often produces noisy probability distribution, which can impair effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dhananjay Ram , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Diffusion Transformers currently lead the field in high-quality video generation, but their slow iterative denoising process and prohibitive quadratic attention costs for long sequences create significant inference bottlenecks. While both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Youping Gu , Xiaolong Li , Yuhao Hu , Minqi Chen , Bohan Zhuang

Attention, specifically scaled dot-product attention, has proven effective for natural language, but it does not have a mechanism for handling hierarchical patterns of arbitrary nesting depth, which limits its ability to recognize certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Brian DuSell , David Chiang

Softmax Attention has a quadratic time complexity in sequence length, which becomes prohibitive to run at long contexts, even with highly optimized GPU kernels. For example, FlashAttention-2/3 (exact, GPU-optimized implementations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sahil Joshi , Agniva Chowdhury , Amar Kanakamedala , Ekam Singh , Evan Tu , Anshumali Shrivastava

The intersection of Astronomy and AI encounters significant challenges related to issues such as noisy backgrounds, lower resolution (LR), and the intricate process of filtering and archiving images from advanced telescopes like the James…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mohammed Talha Alam , Raza Imam , Mohsen Guizani , Fakhri Karray

Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) significantly reduces KVCache memory usage in Large Language Models while introducing substantial computational overhead and intermediate variable expansion. This poses challenges for efficient hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Qichen Liao , Chengqiu Hu , Fangzheng Miao , Bao Li , Yiyang Liu , Junlong Lyu , Lirui Jiang , Jun Wang , Lingchao Zheng , Jun Li , Yuwei Fan

Transformers are slow and memory-hungry on long sequences, since the time and memory complexity of self-attention are quadratic in sequence length. Approximate attention methods have attempted to address this problem by trading off model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Tri Dao , Daniel Y. Fu , Stefano Ermon , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

FlashAttention (Dao, 2023) effectively reduces the quadratic peak memory usage to linear in training transformer-based large language models (LLMs) on a single GPU. In this paper, we introduce DISTFLASHATTN, a distributed memory-efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Dacheng Li , Rulin Shao , Anze Xie , Eric P. Xing , Xuezhe Ma , Ion Stoica , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Hao Zhang

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy. However, it remains vulnerable to malicious clients who compromise model integrity through Byzantine attacks, data poisoning, or adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Abolfazl Younesi , Leon Kiss , Zahra Najafabadi Samani , Juan Aznar Poveda , Thomas Fahringer

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for adapting large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks with minimal additional parameters. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghiem T. Diep , Dung Le , Tuan Truong , Tan Dinh , Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Block-sparse attention is promising for accelerating long-context LLM pre-filling, yet identifying relevant blocks efficiently remains a bottleneck. Existing methods typically employ coarse-grained attention as a proxy for block importance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xinghao Wang , Pengyu Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Fangxu Liu , Jason Chu , Kai Song , Xipeng Qiu

The transformer's attention mechanism has revolutionized AI and machine learning, with its efficient computation being crucial to its performance. However, calculating attention involves matrix operations interspersed with softmax…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Kosmas Alexandridis , Vasileios Titopoulos , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

The Transformer architecture has significantly advanced deep learning, particularly in natural language processing, by effectively managing long-range dependencies. However, as the demand for understanding complex relationships grows,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Qinglin Zhang , Siqi Zheng , Shiliang Zhang , Chong Deng , Hai Yu , Jiaqing Liu , Yukun Ma , Chong Zhang

This paper presents Federated Learning with Adaptive Monitoring and Elimination (FLAME), a novel solution capable of detecting and mitigating concept drift in Federated Learning (FL) Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Concept drift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ioannis Mavromatis , Stefano De Feo , Aftab Khan

Attention-based models have revolutionized AI, but the quadratic cost of self-attention incurs severe computational and memory overhead. Sparse attention methods alleviate this by skipping low-relevance token pairs. However, current…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Huizheng Wang , Hongbin Wang , Zichuan Wang , Zhiheng Yue , Yang Wang , Chao Li , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

The attention operator remains a critical performance bottleneck in large language models (LLMs), particularly for long-context scenarios. While FlashAttention is the most widely used and effective GPU-aware acceleration algorithm, it must…

We present MoE-MLA-RoPE, a novel architecture combination that combines Mixture of Experts (MoE) with Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) for efficient language modeling. Our approach addresses the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Sushant Mehta , Raj Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedath Panat

Temporal information is essential to learning effective policies with Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, current state-of-the-art RL algorithms either assume that such information is given as part of the state space or, when learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Wenling Shang , Xiaofei Wang , Aravind Srinivas , Aravind Rajeswaran , Yang Gao , Pieter Abbeel , Michael Laskin