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Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be very capable, but access to frontier models currently relies on inference providers. This introduces trust challenges: how can we be sure that the provider is using the model configuration they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jack Min Ong , Matthew Di Ferrante , Aaron Pazdera , Ryan Garner , Sami Jaghouar , Manveer Basra , Max Ryabinin , Johannes Hagemann

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of multi-modal LLMs that exhibit strong comprehension of visual data such as images and videos. However, these models usually rely on extensive visual tokens from visual encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yiwu Zhong , Zhuoming Liu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to data-intensive workflows, from database querying to developer observability. Yet the effectiveness of these systems is constrained by the volume, verbosity, and noise of real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Marcus Emmanuel Barnes , Taher A. Ghaleb , Safwat Hassan

Adjusting the latency, power, and accuracy of natural language understanding models is a desirable objective of an efficient architecture. This paper proposes an efficient Transformer architecture that adjusts the inference computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Sajjad Kachuee , Mohammad Sharifkhani

Recently, there has been growing interest in collecting reasoning-intensive pretraining data to improve LLMs' complex reasoning ability. Prior approaches typically rely on supervised classifiers to identify such data, which requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Kai Hua , Steven Wu , Ge Zhang , Ke Shen

In recent years, the rapid advancement and impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have been evident across various domains. This paper explores the application, implications, and potential of LLMs in building energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-20 Liang Zhang , Zhelun Chen

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention from the research community due to their exceptional performance and generalization capabilities. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Egor Lakomkin , Chunyang Wu , Yassir Fathullah , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer , Christian Fuegen

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices enhances privacy but faces performance hurdles due to limited resources. We introduce a systematic methodology to evaluate on-device LLMs, balancing capability, efficiency, and resource…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in Machine Translation (MT), but deploying them at scale remains prohibitively expensive. A widely adopted remedy is the hybrid system paradigm, which balances cost and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yingfeng Luo , Hongyu Liu , Dingyang Lin , Kaiyan Chang , Chenglong Wang , Bei Li , Quan Du , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used across various domains spanning search engines, code generation, and text creation. However, a major concern associated with their adoption is the high cost of inference, impacting both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Marta Adamska , Daria Smirnova , Hamid Nasiri , Zhengxin Yu , Peter Garraghan

Running Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is constrained by high compute and memory demands posing a barrier for real-time applications in sectors like healthcare, education, and embedded systems. Current solutions such as…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed and democratized on edge devices. To improve the efficiency of on-device deployment, small language models (SLMs) are often adopted due to their efficient decoding latency and reduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yu-Neng Chuang , Leisheng Yu , Guanchu Wang , Lizhe Zhang , Zirui Liu , Xuanting Cai , Yang Sui , Vladimir Braverman , Xia Hu

As they become more capable, large language models (LLMs) have continued to rapidly increase in size. This has exacerbated the difficulty in running state of the art LLMs on small, edge devices. Standard techniques advocate solving this…

Large language models (LLMs) have surged in popularity and are extensively used in commercial applications, where the efficiency of model serving is crucial for the user experience. Most current research focuses on optimizing individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yuhang Yao , Han Jin , Alay Dilipbhai Shah , Shanshan Han , Zijian Hu , Yide Ran , Dimitris Stripelis , Zhaozhuo Xu , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

The rapid advancement of AI technologies and their accelerated adoption in software development necessitates a systematic evaluation of their environmental impact alongside functional correctness. While prior studies have examined…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Mohammadjavad Mehditabar , Saurabhsingh Rajput , Antonio Mastropaolo , Tushar Sharma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a pivotal research area, yet the attention module remains a critical bottleneck in LLM inference, even with techniques like KVCache to mitigate redundant computations. While various top-$k$…

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they face challenges in managing long documents and extended conversations, due to significantly increased computational requirements, both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yucheng Li , Bo Dong , Chenghua Lin , Frank Guerin