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Human-centricity is the core value behind the evolution of manufacturing towards Industry 5.0. Nevertheless, there is a lack of architecture that considers safety, trustworthiness, and human-centricity at its core. Therefore, we propose an…

The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM), has the potential to revolutionize the way we work and interact with digital systems across…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Carlos Toxtli

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry is accelerating the shift from traditional automation to intelligent systems with perception and cognition. Vision language-action (VLA) models have been a key paradigm in AI to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shuai Li , Chen Yizhe , Li Dong , Liu Sichao , Lan Dapeng , Liu Yu , Zhibo Pang

Modern manufacturing systems typically require high degrees of flexibility, in terms of ability to customize the production lines to the constantly changing market requests. For this purpose, manufacturing systems are required to be able to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Valeria Villani , Lorenzo Sabattini , Julia N. Czerniak , Alexander Mertens , Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Cesare Fantuzzi

In the domain of humanoid robot control, the fusion of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) with whole-body control is essential for semantically guided execution of real-world tasks. However, existing methods encounter challenges in terms of low…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Weikai Qin , Sichen Wu , Ci Chen , Mengfan Liu , Linxi Feng , Xinru Cui , Haoqi Han , Hesheng Wang

Industrial processes must be robust and adaptable, as environments and tasks are often unpredictable, while operational errors remain costly and difficult to detect. AI-based control systems offer a path forward, yet typically depend on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Christos Margadji , Sebastian W. Pattinson

Recent advancements in large multimodal models have led to the emergence of remarkable generalist capabilities in digital domains, yet their translation to physical agents such as robots remains a significant challenge. This report…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Gemini Robotics Team , Saminda Abeyruwan , Joshua Ainslie , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Montserrat Gonzalez Arenas , Travis Armstrong , Ashwin Balakrishna , Robert Baruch , Maria Bauza , Michiel Blokzijl , Steven Bohez , Konstantinos Bousmalis , Anthony Brohan , Thomas Buschmann , Arunkumar Byravan , Serkan Cabi , Ken Caluwaerts , Federico Casarini , Oscar Chang , Jose Enrique Chen , Xi Chen , Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang , Krzysztof Choromanski , David D'Ambrosio , Sudeep Dasari , Todor Davchev , Coline Devin , Norman Di Palo , Tianli Ding , Adil Dostmohamed , Danny Driess , Yilun Du , Debidatta Dwibedi , Michael Elabd , Claudio Fantacci , Cody Fong , Erik Frey , Chuyuan Fu , Marissa Giustina , Keerthana Gopalakrishnan , Laura Graesser , Leonard Hasenclever , Nicolas Heess , Brandon Hernaez , Alexander Herzog , R. Alex Hofer , Jan Humplik , Atil Iscen , Mithun George Jacob , Deepali Jain , Ryan Julian , Dmitry Kalashnikov , M. Emre Karagozler , Stefani Karp , Chase Kew , Jerad Kirkland , Sean Kirmani , Yuheng Kuang , Thomas Lampe , Antoine Laurens , Isabel Leal , Alex X. Lee , Tsang-Wei Edward Lee , Jacky Liang , Yixin Lin , Sharath Maddineni , Anirudha Majumdar , Assaf Hurwitz Michaely , Robert Moreno , Michael Neunert , Francesco Nori , Carolina Parada , Emilio Parisotto , Peter Pastor , Acorn Pooley , Kanishka Rao , Krista Reymann , Dorsa Sadigh , Stefano Saliceti , Pannag Sanketi , Pierre Sermanet , Dhruv Shah , Mohit Sharma , Kathryn Shea , Charles Shu , Vikas Sindhwani , Sumeet Singh , Radu Soricut , Jost Tobias Springenberg , Rachel Sterneck , Razvan Surdulescu , Jie Tan , Jonathan Tompson , Vincent Vanhoucke , Jake Varley , Grace Vesom , Giulia Vezzani , Oriol Vinyals , Ayzaan Wahid , Stefan Welker , Paul Wohlhart , Fei Xia , Ted Xiao , Annie Xie , Jinyu Xie , Peng Xu , Sichun Xu , Ying Xu , Zhuo Xu , Yuxiang Yang , Rui Yao , Sergey Yaroshenko , Wenhao Yu , Wentao Yuan , Jingwei Zhang , Tingnan Zhang , Allan Zhou , Yuxiang Zhou

Embodied AI is widely recognized as a cornerstone of artificial general intelligence (AGI) because it involves controlling embodied agents to perform tasks in the physical world. Building on the success of large language models (LLMs) and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yueen Ma , Zixing Song , Yuzheng Zhuang , Jianye Hao , Irwin King

The pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI) has placed embodied intelligence at the forefront of robotics research. Embodied intelligence focuses on agents capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting within the physical world.…

Embodied intelligence systems, which enhance agent capabilities through continuous environment interactions, have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. Vision-Language-Action models, inspired by advancements in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haoran Li , Yuhui Chen , Wenbo Cui , Weiheng Liu , Kai Liu , Mingcai Zhou , Zhengtao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

Existing pipelines for vision-language models (VLMs) in robotic manipulation prioritize broad semantic generalization from images and language, but typically omit execution-critical parameters required for contact-rich actions in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Suchang Chen , Daqiang Guo

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise for robotic control, yet performance in complex household environments remains sub-optimal. Mobile manipulation requires reasoning about global scene layout, fine-grained geometry, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruisen Tu , Arth Shukla , Sohyun Yoo , Xuanlin Li , Junxi Li , Jianwen Xie , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

One of the more prominent trends within Industry 4.0 is the drive to employ Robotic Process Automation (RPA), especially as one of the elements of the Lean approach. The full implementation of RPA is riddled with challenges relating both to…

Driven by breakthroughs in next-generation artificial intelligence, embodied intelligence is rapidly advancing into industrial manufacturing. In flexible manufacturing, industrial embodied intelligence faces three core challenges: accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kai Xu , Hang Zhao , Ruizhen Hu , Min Yang , Hao Liu , Hui Zhang , Haibin Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Robotic systems are increasingly expected to operate in human-centered, unstructured environments where safety, adaptability, and generalization are essential. Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have been proposed as a language guided…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haochen Su , Cristian Meo , Francesco Stella , Andrea Peirone , Kai Junge , Josie Hughes

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown generalization capabilities in robotic manipulation tasks by inheriting from vision-language models (VLMs) and learning action generation. Most VLA models focus on interpreting vision and…

General-purpose robots need a deep understanding of the physical world, advanced reasoning, and general and dexterous control. This report introduces the latest generation of the Gemini Robotics model family: Gemini Robotics 1.5, a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Gemini Robotics Team , Abbas Abdolmaleki , Saminda Abeyruwan , Joshua Ainslie , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Montserrat Gonzalez Arenas , Ashwin Balakrishna , Nathan Batchelor , Alex Bewley , Jeff Bingham , Michael Bloesch , Konstantinos Bousmalis , Philemon Brakel , Anthony Brohan , Thomas Buschmann , Arunkumar Byravan , Serkan Cabi , Ken Caluwaerts , Federico Casarini , Christine Chan , Oscar Chang , London Chappellet-Volpini , Jose Enrique Chen , Xi Chen , Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang , Krzysztof Choromanski , Adrian Collister , David B. D'Ambrosio , Sudeep Dasari , Todor Davchev , Meet Kirankumar Dave , Coline Devin , Norman Di Palo , Tianli Ding , Carl Doersch , Adil Dostmohamed , Yilun Du , Debidatta Dwibedi , Sathish Thoppay Egambaram , Michael Elabd , Tom Erez , Xiaolin Fang , Claudio Fantacci , Cody Fong , Erik Frey , Chuyuan Fu , Ruiqi Gao , Marissa Giustina , Keerthana Gopalakrishnan , Laura Graesser , Oliver Groth , Agrim Gupta , Roland Hafner , Steven Hansen , Leonard Hasenclever , Sam Haves , Nicolas Heess , Brandon Hernaez , Alex Hofer , Jasmine Hsu , Lu Huang , Sandy H. Huang , Atil Iscen , Mithun George Jacob , Deepali Jain , Sally Jesmonth , Abhishek Jindal , Ryan Julian , Dmitry Kalashnikov , M. Emre Karagozler , Stefani Karp , Matija Kecman , J. Chase Kew , Donnie Kim , Frank Kim , Junkyung Kim , Thomas Kipf , Sean Kirmani , Ksenia Konyushkova , Li Yang Ku , Yuheng Kuang , Thomas Lampe , Antoine Laurens , Tuan Anh Le , Isabel Leal , Alex X. Lee , Tsang-Wei Edward Lee , Guy Lever , Jacky Liang , Li-Heng Lin , Fangchen Liu , Shangbang Long , Caden Lu , Sharath Maddineni , Anirudha Majumdar , Kevis-Kokitsi Maninis , Andrew Marmon , Sergio Martinez , Assaf Hurwitz Michaely , Niko Milonopoulos , Joss Moore , Robert Moreno , Michael Neunert , Francesco Nori , Joy Ortiz , Kenneth Oslund , Carolina Parada , Emilio Parisotto , Amaris Paryag , Acorn Pooley , Thomas Power , Alessio Quaglino , Haroon Qureshi , Rajkumar Vasudeva Raju , Helen Ran , Dushyant Rao , Kanishka Rao , Isaac Reid , David Rendleman , Krista Reymann , Miguel Rivas , Francesco Romano , Yulia Rubanova , Peter Pastor Sampedro , Pannag R Sanketi , Dhruv Shah , Mohit Sharma , Kathryn Shea , Mohit Shridhar , Charles Shu , Vikas Sindhwani , Sumeet Singh , Radu Soricut , Rachel Sterneck , Ian Storz , Razvan Surdulescu , Jie Tan , Jonathan Tompson , Saran Tunyasuvunakool , Jake Varley , Grace Vesom , Giulia Vezzani , Maria Bauza Villalonga , Oriol Vinyals , René Wagner , Ayzaan Wahid , Stefan Welker , Paul Wohlhart , Chengda Wu , Markus Wulfmeier , Fei Xia , Ted Xiao , Annie Xie , Jinyu Xie , Peng Xu , Sichun Xu , Ying Xu , Zhuo Xu , Jimmy Yan , Sherry Yang , Skye Yang , Yuxiang Yang , Hiu Hong Yu , Wenhao Yu , Wentao Yuan , Yuan Yuan , Jingwei Zhang , Tingnan Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Allan Zhou , Guangyao Zhou , Yuxiang Zhou

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable achievements, driven by the rich implicit knowledge of their vision-language components. However, achieving generalist robotic agents demands precise grounding into physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jialei Huang , Shuo Wang , Fanqi Lin , Yihang Hu , Chuan Wen , Yang Gao

Vision-language-action (VLA) models represent a promising direction for developing general-purpose robotic systems, demonstrating the ability to combine visual understanding, language comprehension, and action generation. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pranav Guruprasad , Harshvardhan Sikka , Jaewoo Song , Yangyue Wang , Paul Pu Liang
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