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Related papers: NP-Completeness Proofs of Puzzles using the T-Meta…

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Building on the results published in arxiv:2004.12849 we present a general framework for demonstrating the NP-hardness of satisfying many genres of loop and path puzzles using a 'T-metacell' gadget. We then use this to prove the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Hadyn Tang

All or Nothing, Water Walk, and Remembered Length are pencil puzzles that involve constructing a continuous loop on a rectangular grid under specific constraints. In this paper, we analyze their computational complexity using the T-metacell…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pakapim Eua-anant , Papangkorn Apinyanon , Thunyatorn Jirachaisri , Nantapong Ruangsuksriwong , Suthee Ruangwises

We introduce Pencil Puzzle Bench, a framework for evaluating large language model reasoning through pencil puzzles, a family of constraint-satisfaction problems closely related to NP-complete problems, with deterministic, step-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Justin Waugh

We prove that Hamiltonicity in maximum-degree-3 grid graphs (directed or undirected) is ASP-complete, i.e., it has a parsimonious reduction from every NP search problem (including a polynomial-time bijection between solutions). As a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-05 MIT Hardness Group , Josh Brunner , Lily Chung , Erik D. Demaine , Jenny Diomidova , Della Hendrickson , Andy Tockman

Proving the NP-completeness of pencil-and-paper puzzles typically relies on reductions from combinatorial problems such as the satisfiability problem (SAT). Although the properties of these problems are well studied, their purely…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kosuke Susukita , Junichi Teruyama

In the Nikoli pencil-and-paper game Tatamibari, a puzzle consists of an $m \times n$ grid of cells, where each cell possibly contains a clue among +, -, |. The goal is to partition the grid into disjoint rectangles, where every rectangle…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Aviv Adler , Jeffrey Bosboom , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Quanquan C. Liu , Jayson Lynch

Wataridori is a pencil puzzle that involves drawing paths in a rectangular grid to connect circles into pairs while satisfying several constraints. In this paper, we prove that deciding whether a given Wataridori puzzle has a solution is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Suthee Ruangwises

We prove NP-completeness of Yin-Yang / Shiromaru-Kuromaru pencil-and-paper puzzles. Viewed as a graph partitioning problem, we prove NP-completeness of partitioning a rectangular grid graph into two induced trees (normal Yin-Yang), or into…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Erik D. Demaine , Jayson Lynch , Mikhail Rudoy , Yushi Uno

In the paper we define three new complexity classes for Turing Machine undecidable problems inspired by the famous Cook/Levin's NP-complete complexity class for intractable problems. These are U-complete (Universal complete), D-complete…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Eugene Eberbach

We prove that path puzzles with complete row and column information--or equivalently, 2D orthogonal discrete tomography with Hamiltonicity constraint--are strongly NP-complete, ASP-complete, and #P-complete. Along the way, we newly…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Jeffrey Bosboom , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Adam Hesterberg , Roderick Kimball , Justin Kopinsky

Zeiger is a pencil puzzle consisting of a rectangular grid, with each cell having an arrow pointing in horizontal or vertical direction. Some cells also contain a positive integer. The objective of this puzzle is to fill a positive integer…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Suthee Ruangwises

While logic puzzles have engaged individuals through problem-solving and critical thinking, the creation of new puzzle rules has largely relied on ad-hoc processes. Pencil puzzles, such as Slitherlink and Sudoku, represent a prominent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Itsuki Maeda , Yasuhiro Inoue

This project investigates the potential of computers to solve complex tasks such as games. The paper proves that the complexity of a generalized version of spider solitaire is NP-Complete and uses much of structure of the proof that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-06 Jesse Stern

In this article, we show that the completion problem, i.e. the decision problem whether a partial structure can be completed to a full structure, is NP-complete for many combinatorial structures. While the gadgets for most reductions in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Helena Bergold , Manfred Scheucher , Felix Schröder

"Eye-Witless", "Haisu" and "Oriental House" are genres of logic puzzles invented by William Hu, and "Detour" is a genre of logic puzzle invented by online user Guowen Zhang. Each of these puzzles revolves around constructing a path or loop…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Hadyn Tang

Shellings of simplicial complexes have long been a useful tool in topological and algebraic combinatorics. Shellings of a complex expose a large amount of information in a helpful way, but are not easy to construct, often requiring deep…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-24 Andrés Santamaría-Galvis , Russ Woodroofe

Myasnikov et al. have introduced the knapsack problem for arbitrary finitely generated groups. In previous work, the authors proved that for each graph group, the knapsack problem can be solved in $\mathsf{NP}$. Here, we determine the exact…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-14 Markus Lohrey , Georg Zetzsche

In this work, we prove the NP-completeness of two variants of tokenisation, defined as the problem of compressing a dataset to at most $\delta$ symbols by either finding a vocabulary directly (direct tokenisation), or selecting a sequence…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Philip Whittington , Gregor Bachmann , Tiago Pimentel

In this paper we show that a generalized version of the Nikoli puzzle Slant is NP-complete. We also give polynomial time algorithms for versions of the puzzle where some constraints are omitted. These problems correspond to simultaneously…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jayson Lynch , Jack Spalding-Jamieson

Nondango is a pencil puzzle consisting of a rectangular grid partitioned into regions, with some cells containing a white circle. The player has to color some circles black such that every region contains exactly one black circle, and there…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Suthee Ruangwises
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