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Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the fact-checking studies. However, existing automated fact-checking evaluation methods rely on static datasets and classification metrics, which fail to automatically evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongzhan Lin , Yang Deng , Yuxuan Gu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jing Ma , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent work has explored the use of large language models (LLMs) to generate tutoring responses in mathematics, yet it remains unclear how closely their instructional behavior aligns with expert human practice. We analyze a dataset of math…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ramatu Oiza Abdulsalam , Segun Aroyehun

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents marks a significant shift in the research landscape by offering cognitive abilities that are competitive with human planning and reasoning. This paper explores the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Junda He , Christoph Treude , David Lo

The adoption of generative AI in education has accelerated dramatically in recent years, with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly integrated into learning environments in the hope of providing personalized support that enhances…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Johaun Hatchett , Debshila Basu Mallick , Brittany C. Bradford , Richard G. Baraniuk

Effective feedback is essential for fostering students' success in scientific inquiry. With advancements in artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for delivering instant and adaptive feedback. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kathrin Seßler , Arne Bewersdorff , Claudia Nerdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

Automatic question generation (AQG) for mathematics education remains an elusive goal for Intelligent Tutoring Systems and educators. While pre-trained transformer-based language models have significantly advanced natural language…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Kia Karbasi , Kevin Hong , Mohammad Amin Samadi , Gregory Pottie

Mathematical error detection in educational settings presents a significant challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), requiring a sophisticated understanding of both visual and textual mathematical content along with complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yibo Yan , Shen Wang , Jiahao Huo , Philip S. Yu , Xuming Hu , Qingsong Wen

Learning difficulties pose significant challenges for students, impacting their academic performance and overall educational experience. These difficulties could sometimes put students into a downward spiral that lack of educational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Aaron Hu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled intelligent tutoring systems, yet the development of LLM-based Virtual Student Agents (LVSAs) remains underexplored. Such agents are essential for teacher-facing applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yiping Ma , Shiyu Hu , Xuchen Li , Yipei Wang , Yuqing Chen , Shiqing Liu , Kang Hao Cheong

Large language models have emerged as a promising approach towards achieving general-purpose AI agents. The thriving open-source LLM community has greatly accelerated the development of agents that support human-machine dialogue interaction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhenfei Yin , Jiong Wang , Jianjian Cao , Zhelun Shi , Dingning Liu , Mukai Li , Lu Sheng , Lei Bai , Xiaoshui Huang , Zhiyong Wang , Jing Shao , Wanli Ouyang

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents, agentic workflows are showing transformative potential in education. This study introduces the Agentic Workflow for Education (AWE), a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yuan-Hao Jiang , Yijie Lu , Ling Dai , Jiatong Wang , Ruijia Li , Bo Jiang

Student simulation in online education is important to address dynamic learning behaviors of students with diverse backgrounds. Existing simulation models based on deep learning usually need massive training data, lacking prior knowledge in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Songlin Xu , Xinyu Zhang , Lianhui Qin

Multi-agent AI systems, which simulate diverse instructional roles such as teachers and peers, offer new possibilities for personalized and interactive learning. Yet, student-AI interaction patterns and their pedagogical implications remain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhanxin Hao , Jie Cao , Ruimiao Li , Jifan Yu , Zhiyuan Liu , Yu Zhang

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) in educational technology presents unprecedented opportunities to improve instructional design (ID), yet existing approaches often prioritize automation over pedagogical rigor and human agency. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Hongming Li , Yizirui Fang , Shan Zhang , Seiyon M. Lee , Yiming Wang , Mark Trexler , Anthony F. Botelho

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) marks a transformative era in technology, especially within the educational sector. This paper explores the integration of LLMs within learning management systems (LMSs) to develop an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Kyle Spriggs , Meng Cheng Lau , Kalpdrum Passi

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and LLM-powered agents in multi-user settings underscores the need for reliable, usable methods to accommodate diverse preferences and resolve conflicting directives. Drawing on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Christine Lee , Jihye Choi , Bilge Mutlu

While rapid advances in large language models (LLMs) are reshaping data-driven intelligent education, accurately simulating students remains an important but challenging bottleneck for scalable educational data collection, evaluation, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Haoxuan Li , Jifan Yu , Xin Cong , Yang Dang , Daniel Zhang-li , Lu Mi , Yisi Zhan , Huiqin Liu , Zhiyuan Liu

Creating an immersive and interactive theatrical experience is a long-term goal in the field of interactive narrative. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) provides a new path to achieve this goal. However, existing drama…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shufan Jiang , Sizhou Chen , Chios Chen , Chi Zhang , Xiao-Lei Zhang , Xuelong Li

The emergence of large language model (LLM)-based agents has significantly advanced the development of autonomous machine learning (ML) engineering. However, the dominant prompt-based paradigm exhibits limitations: smaller models lack the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zexi Liu , Jingyi Chai , Xinyu Zhu , Shuo Tang , Rui Ye , Bo Zhang , Lei Bai , Siheng Chen

Humans learn to master open-ended repertoires of skills by imagining and practicing their own goals. This autotelic learning process, literally the pursuit of self-generated (auto) goals (telos), becomes more and more open-ended as the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Cédric Colas , Laetitia Teodorescu , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Xingdi Yuan , Marc-Alexandre Côté
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