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Parameter quantization for Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attentions recently in reducing memory costs and improving computational efficiency. Early approaches have been widely adopted. However, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoyu Wang , Bei Liu , Hang Shao , Bo Xiao , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan , Yanmin Qian

Quantization is a widely-used compression technology to reduce the overhead of serving large language models (LLMs) on terminal devices and in cloud data centers. However, prevalent quantization methods, such as 8-bit weight-activation or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Lian Liu , Haimeng Ren , Long Cheng , Zhaohui Xu , Yudong Pan , Mengdi Wang , Xiaowei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

The significant resource requirements associated with Large-scale Language Models (LLMs) have generated considerable interest in the development of techniques aimed at compressing and accelerating neural networks. Among these techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yuexiao Ma , Huixia Li , Xiawu Zheng , Feng Ling , Xuefeng Xiao , Rui Wang , Shilei Wen , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

The quantization of large language models (LLMs) has been a prominent research area aimed at enabling their lightweight deployment in practice. Existing research about LLM's quantization has mainly explored the interplay between weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yifei Gao , Jie Ou , Lei Wang , Jun Cheng , Mengchu Zhou

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the resource demands of these models pose substantial challenges. Structured pruning is an effective approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Changhai Zhou , Yuhua Zhou , Shijie Han , Qian Qiao , Hongguang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of language tasks, but their deployment on edge devices remains challenging due to the substantial memory requirements imposed by their large parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zihan Chen , Bike Xie , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

Quantization can accelerate large language model (LLM) inference. Going beyond INT8 quantization, the research community is actively exploring even lower precision, such as INT4. Nonetheless, state-of-the-art INT4 quantization techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Yujun Lin , Haotian Tang , Shang Yang , Zhekai Zhang , Guangxuan Xiao , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Post-training quantization reduces the computational demand of Large Language Models (LLMs) but can weaken some of their capabilities. Since LLM abilities emerge with scale, smaller LLMs are more sensitive to quantization. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Mert Yazan , Suzan Verberne , Frederik Situmeang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in various domains while the inference cost is expensive. Many previous studies exploit quantization methods to reduce LLM inference cost by reducing latency and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shiyao Li , Shan Huang , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Guohao Dai

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable results for a wide range of tasks. However, deploying these models for inference has been a significant challenge due to their unprecedented resource requirements. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sehoon Kim , Coleman Hooper , Amir Gholami , Zhen Dong , Xiuyu Li , Sheng Shen , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute significantly to the development of conversational AI and has great potentials to assist the scientific research in various areas. This paper attempts to address the following questions: What…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Zhiding Liang , Jinglei Cheng , Rui Yang , Hang Ren , Zhixin Song , Di Wu , Xuehai Qian , Tongyang Li , Yiyu Shi

The increasing size of generative Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) has greatly increased the demand for model compression. Despite various methods to compress BERT or its variants, there are few attempts to compress generative PLMs, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Chaofan Tao , Lu Hou , Wei Zhang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Auto-regressive Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on coding tasks, but incur high memory and inference costs. Diffusion-based language models (d-LLMs) offer bounded inference cost via iterative denoising, but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Aarav Gupta , Gururaj Deshpande , Chandreyi Chakraborty

We investigate how different compression techniques -- such as weight and activation quantization, and weight sparsity -- affect the scaling behavior of large language models (LLMs) during pretraining. Building on previous work showing that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Elias Frantar , Utku Evci , Wonpyo Park , Neil Houlsby , Dan Alistarh

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the natural language processing paradigm but impose substantial demands on memory and computational resources. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to reduce memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xilong Xie , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao , Meng Han , Lin Sun , Shuai Zheng , Xiangrong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Minsoo Kim , Seungcheol Baek , Seok Joong Hwang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but are difficult to deploy under tight memory and compute constraints. Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising direction; however, it typically relies on calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xinzhe Zheng , Zhen-Qun Yang , Zishan Liu , Haoran Xie , S. Joe Qin , Arlene Chen , Fangzhen Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong potential for cybersecurity question answering (QA), supporting decision-making in real-time threat detection and response workflows. However, their substantial computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Onat Gungor , Roshan Sood , Harold Wang , Tajana Rosing