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The growing demand for on-device large language model (LLM) inference is driving interest in deploying lightweight, cost-effective AI solutions on edge hardware. Single-board computers (SBCs) such as the Raspberry Pi and Orange Pi offer a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tung , Nguyen , Tuyen Nguyen

Large language model-specific inference engines (in short as \emph{LLM inference engines}) have become a fundamental component of modern AI infrastructure, enabling the deployment of LLM-powered applications (LLM apps) across cloud and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Mugeng Liu , Siqi Zhong , Weichen Bi , Yixuan Zhang , Zhiyang Chen , Zhenpeng Chen , Xuanzhe Liu , Yun Ma

The recent surge of open-source large language models (LLMs) enables developers to create AI-based solutions while maintaining control over aspects such as privacy and compliance, thereby providing governance and ownership of the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Matias Martinez

Training LLMs in distributed environments presents significant challenges due to the complexity of model execution, deployment systems, and the vast space of configurable strategies. Although various optimization techniques exist, achieving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mingyu Liang , Hiwot Tadese Kassa , Wenyin Fu , Brian Coutinho , Louis Feng , Christina Delimitrou

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) is taking the world by storm with its unparalleled content creation ability. Large Language Models (LLMs) are at the forefront of this movement. However, the significant resource demands of LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xinyuan Zhang , Jiang Liu , Zehui Xiong , Yudong Huang , Gaochang Xie , Ran Zhang

Edge deployment of low-batch large language models (LLMs) faces critical memory bandwidth bottlenecks when executing memory-intensive general matrix-vector multiplications (GEMV) operations. While digital processing-in-memory (PIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ye Lin , Chao Fang , Xiaoyong Song , Qi Wu , Anying Jiang , Yichuan Bai , Li Du

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP tasks, they still need external tools to extend their ability. Current research on tool learning with LLMs often assumes mandatory tool use, which does not always align with real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kangyun Ning , Yisong Su , Xueqiang Lv , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jian Liu , Kang Liu , Jinan Xu

Scaling up data, parameters, and test-time computation has been the mainstream methods to improve LLM systems (LLMsys), but their upper bounds are almost reached due to the gradual depletion of high-quality data and marginal gains obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Jianming Long , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented success across various applications, but their substantial memory requirements pose significant challenges to current memory system designs, especially during inference. Our work…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Wei Zhang

Deep learning architectures with powerful reasoning capabilities have driven significant advancements in autonomous driving technology. Large language models (LLMs) applied in this field can describe driving scenes and behaviors with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yizhou Huang , Yihua Cheng , Kezhi Wang

The computational and memory challenges of large language models (LLMs) have sparked several optimization approaches towards their efficient implementation. While prior LLM-targeted quantization, and prior works on sparse acceleration have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Abhishek Moitra , Arkapravo Ghosh , Shrey Agarwal , Aporva Amarnath , Karthik Swaminathan , Priyadarshini Panda

We investigate the feasibility of using Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for real-time online episodic memory question answering. While cloud offloading is common, it raises privacy and latency concerns for wearable assistants,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Giuseppe Lando , Rosario Forte , Antonino Furnari

Large language model (LLM) evaluation is increasingly costly, prompting interest in methods that speed up evaluation by shrinking benchmark datasets. Benchmark prediction (also called efficient LLM evaluation) aims to select a small subset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Guanhua Zhang , Florian E. Dorner , Moritz Hardt

Large language models (LLMs) power many modern applications, but serving them at scale remains costly and resource-intensive. Current server-centric systems overlook consumer-grade GPUs at the edge. We introduce SpecEdge, an edge-assisted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jinwoo Park , Seunggeun Cho , Dongsu Han

In the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) clouds, the extensive use of Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires efficient management of significant query loads. When providing real-time inference services, several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiyuan He , Minxian Xu , Jingfeng Wu , Wanyi Zheng , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Generative AI-powered by Large Language Models (LLMs)-is increasingly deployed in industry across healthcare decision support, financial analytics, enterprise retrieval, and conversational automation, where reliability, efficiency, and cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Abdullah Mohammad , Sushant Kumar Ray , Pushkar Arora , Rafiq Ali , Ebad Shabbir , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Jiechao Gao , Usman Naseem

The deployment of large language models' (LLMs) inference at the edge can facilitate prompt service responsiveness while protecting user privacy. However, it is critically challenged by the resource constraints of a single edge node.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Peirong Zheng , Wenchao Xu , Haozhao Wang , Jinyu Chen , Xuemin Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved near-human performance across diverse reasoning tasks, yet their deployment on resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices remains impractical due to massive parameter footprints and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mingyu Sung , Vikas Palakonda , Suhwan Im , Sunghwan Moon , Il-Min Kim , Sangseok Yun , Jae-Mo Kang

LLMs are increasingly used world-wide from daily tasks to agentic systems and data analytics, requiring significant GPU resources. LLM inference systems, however, are slow compared to database systems, and inference performance and…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kyoungmin Kim , Jiacheng Li , Kijae Hong , Anastasia Ailamaki

A systematic understanding of Apple Silicon is lacking in the current landscape of hardware efficiency; research focus is largely centered on accelerating GPUs for large-scale training or inference on CUDA devices. This paper investigates…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Afsara Benazir , Felix Xiaozhu Lin