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Exploring the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in puzzle solving unveils critical insights into their potential and challenges in AI, marking a significant step towards understanding their applicability in complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Panagiotis Giadikiaroglou , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

In this paper, we introduce a combination of novel and exciting tasks: the solution and generation of linguistic puzzles. We focus on puzzles used in Linguistic Olympiads for high school students. We first extend the existing benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Neh Majmudar , Elena Filatova

In this paper, we present the LingOly benchmark, a novel benchmark for advanced reasoning abilities in large language models. Using challenging Linguistic Olympiad puzzles, we evaluate (i) capabilities for in-context identification and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Andrew M. Bean , Simi Hellsten , Harry Mayne , Jabez Magomere , Ethan A. Chi , Ryan Chi , Scott A. Hale , Hannah Rose Kirk

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in human-AI collaborative decision-making hinges on their ability to provide trustworthy, gradual, and tailored explanations. Solving complex puzzles, such as Sudoku, offers a canonical example of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anirudh Maiya , Razan Alghamdi , Maria Leonor Pacheco , Ashutosh Trivedi , Fabio Somenzi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Across languages, numeral systems vary widely in how they construct and combine numbers. While humans consistently learn to navigate this diversity, large language models (LLMs) struggle with linguistic-mathematical puzzles involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Antara Raaghavi Bhattacharya , Isabel Papadimitriou , Kathryn Davidson , David Alvarez-Melis

This paper investigates the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) using 50 newly constructed high-school-level word problems. Unlike prior studies that focus solely on answer correctness, we rigorously analyze…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Johan Boye , Birger Moell

Despite the remarkable advancements and widespread applications of deep neural networks, their ability to perform reasoning tasks remains limited, particularly in domains requiring structured, abstract thought. In this paper, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Satyam Goyal , Soham Dan

This paper explores the spatial reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) over textual input through a suite of five tasks aimed at probing their spatial understanding and computational abilities. The models were tested on both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Maggie Bai , Ava Kim Cohen , Eleanor Koss , Charlie Lichtenbaum

While state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) demonstrate advanced reasoning capabilities-achieving remarkable performance on challenging competitive math and coding benchmarks-they also frequently fail on tasks that are easy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Alan Malek , Jiawei Ge , Nevena Lazic , Chi Jin , András György , Csaba Szepesvári

Deep neural models have repeatedly proved excellent at memorizing surface patterns from large datasets for various ML and NLP benchmarks. They struggle to achieve human-like thinking, however, because they lack the skill of iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Gözde Gül Şahin , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Phillip Rust , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success on a wide range of math and reasoning benchmarks. However, we observe that they often struggle when faced with unreasonable math problems. Instead of recognizing these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyuan Ma , Damai Dai , Zihang Yuan , Rui li , Weilin Luo , Bin Wang , Qun Liu , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

This paper introduces the novel task of multimodal puzzle solving, framed within the context of visual question-answering. We present a new dataset, AlgoPuzzleVQA designed to challenge and evaluate the capabilities of multimodal language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Deepanway Ghosal , Vernon Toh Yan Han , Chia Yew Ken , Soujanya Poria

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable emergent capabilities, yet the robustness of their numerical reasoning remains an open question. While standard benchmarks evaluate LLM reasoning on complex problem sets using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Roussel Rahman , Aashwin Ananda Mishra

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities through test-time computation (TTC) techniques such as chain-of-thought prompting and tree-based reasoning. However, we argue that current reasoning LLMs (RLLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jiahao Lu , Ziwei Xu , Mohan Kankanhalli

We introduce a comprehensive Linguistic Benchmark designed to evaluate the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in domains such as logical reasoning, spatial intelligence, and linguistic understanding, among others. Through a series…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sean Williams , James Huckle

The progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT raises the question of how they can be integrated into education. One hope is that they can support mathematics learning, including word-problem solving. Since LLMs can handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Anselm R. Strohmaier , Wim Van Dooren , Kathrin Seßler , Brian Greer , Lieven Verschaffel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve breakthrough performance on complex logical reasoning tasks. Nevertheless, most existing research focuses on employing formal language to guide LLMs to derive reliable reasoning paths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jin Jiang , Jianing Wang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianhua Zhu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Liangcai Gao
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