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Objective: Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is a popular post-hoc technique for explaining black box models. While the impact of data imbalance on predictive models has been extensively studied, it remains largely unknown with respect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Mingxuan Liu , Yilin Ning , Han Yuan , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Nan Liu

The financial industry faces a significant challenge modeling and risk portfolios: balancing the predictability of advanced machine learning models, neural network models, and explainability required by regulatory entities (such as Office…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rongbin Ye , Jiaqi Chen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has aided machine learning (ML) researchers with the power of scrutinizing the decisions of the black-box models. XAI methods enable looking deep inside the models' behavior, eventually generating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Maraz Mia , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

Algorithmic approaches to interpreting machine learning models have proliferated in recent years. We carry out human subject tests that are the first of their kind to isolate the effect of algorithmic explanations on a key aspect of model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Peter Hase , Mohit Bansal

Machine learning models in safety-critical settings like healthcare are often blackboxes: they contain a large number of parameters which are not transparent to users. Post-hoc explainability methods where a simple, human-interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Aparna Balagopalan , Haoran Zhang , Kimia Hamidieh , Thomas Hartvigsen , Frank Rudzicz , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Nowadays we are witnessing a transformation of the business processes towards a more computation driven approach. The ever increasing usage of Machine Learning techniques is the clearest example of such trend. This sort of revolution is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Giorgio Visani , Enrico Bagli , Federico Chesani , Alessandro Poluzzi , Davide Capuzzo

Several explainable AI methods allow a Machine Learning user to get insights on the classification process of a black-box model in the form of local linear explanations. With such information, the user can judge which features are locally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Francesco Lomuscio , Paolo Bajardi , Alan Perotti , Elvio G. Amparore

With the advancement of technology for artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions and analytics compute engines, machine learning (ML) models are getting more complex day by day. Most of these models are generally used as a black box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 P. Sai Ram Aditya , Mayukha Pal

The increasing use of deep learning across various domains highlights the importance of understanding the decision-making processes of these black-box models. Recent research focusing on the decision boundaries of deep classifiers, relies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Inês Gomes , Luís F. Teixeira , Jan N. van Rijn , Carlos Soares , André Restivo , Luís Cunha , Moisés Santos

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an emerging new domain in which a set of processes and tools allow humans to better comprehend the decisions generated by black box models. However, most of the available XAI tools are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Zoumpolia Dikopoulou , Serafeim Moustakidis , Patrik Karlsson

In geophysics, hydrocarbon prospect risking involves assessing the risks associated with hydrocarbon exploration by integrating data from various sources. Machine learning-based classifiers trained on tabular data have been recently used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Prithwijit Chowdhury , Ahmad Mustafa , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) is a popular technique used to increase the interpretability and explainability of black box Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. LIME typically generates an explanation for a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Muhammad Rehman Zafar , Naimul Mefraz Khan

Explainable AI~(XAI) methods such as SHAP can help discover feature attributions in black-box models. If the method reveals a significant attribution from a ``protected feature'' (e.g., gender, race) on the model output, the model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jun Yuan , Aritra Dasgupta

Neural networks are widely regarded as black-box models, creating significant challenges in understanding their inner workings, especially in natural language processing (NLP) applications. To address this opacity, model explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Melkamu Mersha , Mingiziem Bitewa , Tsion Abay , Jugal Kalita

Interpretability analysis methods for artificial intelligence models, such as LIME and SHAP, are widely used, though they primarily serve as post-model for analyzing model outputs. While it is commonly believed that the transparency and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-28 Yan Zhang , Lin Chen , Yixiang Tian

Understanding black-box machine learning models is crucial for their widespread adoption. Learning globally interpretable models is one approach, but achieving high performance with them is challenging. An alternative approach is to explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

Post-hoc explainability methods are a subset of Machine Learning (ML) that aim to provide a reason for why a model behaves in a certain way. In this paper, we show a new black-box model-agnostic adversarial attack for post-hoc explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Leonardo Pesce , Jiawen Wei , Gianmarco Mengaldo

This paper provides empirical concerns about post-hoc explanations of black-box ML models, one of the major trends in AI explainability (XAI), by showing its lack of interpretability and societal consequences. Using a representative…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Jean-Marie John-Mathews

Deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial inputs and various methods have been proposed to defend these models against adversarial attacks under different perturbation models. The robustness of models to adversarial attacks has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jian Vora , Pranay Reddy Samala

Locally interpretable model agnostic explanations (LIME) method is one of the most popular methods used to explain black-box models at a per example level. Although many variants have been proposed, few provide a simple way to produce high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Amit Dhurandhar , Karthikeyan Ramamurthy , Kartik Ahuja , Vijay Arya