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Causal inference from observational data provides strong evidence for the best action in decision-making without performing expensive randomized trials. The effect of an action is usually not identifiable under unobserved confounding, even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Md Musfiqur Rahman , Ziwei Jiang , Hilaf Hasson , Murat Kocaoglu

Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) approximate a data distribution by perturbing it with Gaussian noise and subsequently denoising it via a learned reverse diffusion process. These models excel at modeling complex data distributions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Stefano Bruno , Sotirios Sabanis

While continuous diffusion has shown remarkable success in continuous domains such as image generation, its direct application to discrete data has underperformed compared to purely discrete formulations. This gap is counterintuitive, given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Patrick Pynadath , Jiaxin Shi , Ruqi Zhang

Conformal Prediction methods have finite-sample distribution-free marginal coverage guarantees. However, they generally do not offer conditional coverage guarantees, which can be important for high-stakes decisions. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-27 Ruijiang Gao , Mingzhang Yin , James McInerney , Nathan Kallus

Accelerated diffusion models hold the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of standard diffusion processes. Theoretically, these models have been shown to achieve faster convergence rates than the standard $\mathcal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yuchen Liang , Peizhong Ju , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

Diffusion models are widely used for generative tasks across domains. Given a pre-trained diffusion model, it is often desirable to fine-tune it further either to correct for errors in learning or to align with downstream applications.…

Diffusion and flow-based models have enabled significant progress in generation tasks across various modalities and have recently found applications in predictive learning. However, unlike typical generation tasks that encourage sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yu Zhang , Xingzhuo Guo , Haoran Xu , Jialong Wu , Mingsheng Long

The aim of the paper is to address the behavior in large population of diffusions interacting on a random, possibly diluted and inhomogeneous graph. This is the natural continuation of a previous work, where the homogeneous Erd\H os-R\'enyi…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-01 Eric Luçon

We explain the ubiquity and extremely slow evolution of non gaussian out-of-equilibrium distributions for the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model, by means of traditional kinetic theory. Deriving the Fokker-Planck equation for a test particle, one…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Freddy Bouchet , Thierry Dauxois

When causal quantities cannot be point identified, researchers often pursue partial identification to quantify the range of possible values. However, the peculiarities of applied research conditions can make this analytically intractable.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-29 Guilherme Duarte , Noam Finkelstein , Dean Knox , Jonathan Mummolo , Ilya Shpitser

Many convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have a feed-forward structure. In this paper, a linear program that estimates the Lipschitz bound of such CNNs is proposed. Several CNNs, including the scattering networks, the AlexNet and the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Dongmian Zou , Radu Balan , Maneesh Singh

Denoising diffusion models are a recent class of generative models exhibiting state-of-the-art performance in image and audio synthesis. Such models approximate the time-reversal of a forward noising process from a target distribution to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Valentin De Bortoli

Recent Diffusion models (DMs) advancements have explored incorporating the second-order diffusion Fisher information (DF), defined as the negative Hessian of log density, into various downstream tasks and theoretical analysis. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Fangyikang Wang , Hubery Yin , Shaobin Zhuang , Huminhao Zhu , Yinan Li , Lei Qian , Chao Zhang , Hanbin Zhao , Hui Qian , Chen Li

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable empirical success in the recent years and are considered one of the state-of-the-art generative models in modern AI. These models consist of a forward process, which gradually diffuses the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xingyu Xu , Ziyi Zhang , Yorie Nakahira , Guannan Qu , Yuejie Chi

Learned cardinality estimation requires accurate model designs to capture the local characteristics of probability distributions. However, existing models may fail to accurately capture complex, multilateral dependencies between attributes.…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinhe Mu , Zhaoqi Zhou , Zaijiu Shang , Chuan Zhou , Gang Fu , Guiying Yan , Guoliang Li , Zhiming Ma

Recent progress in image generation has sparked research into controlling these models through condition signals, with various methods addressing specific challenges in conditional generation. Instead of proposing another specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xirui Li , Charles Herrmann , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Yinxiao Li , Deqing Sun , Chao Ma , Ming-Hsuan Yang

For the sake of computational efficiency and for theoretical purposes, in mathematical modelling, the Dirac Delta distributions are often utilized as a replacement for cells or vesicles, since the size of cells or vesicles is much smaller…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Qiyao Peng , Sander C. Hille

Imperfect score-matching leads to a shift between the training and the sampling distribution of diffusion models. Due to the recursive nature of the generation process, errors in previous steps yield sampling iterates that drift away from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Giannis Daras , Yuval Dagan , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Constantinos Daskalakis

Score-based diffusion models are a highly effective method for generating samples from a distribution of images. We consider scenarios where the training data comes from a noisy version of the target distribution, and present an efficiently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Dennis Elbrächter , Giovanni S. Alberti , Matteo Santacesaria

The theory of error-correcting codes is concerned with constructing codes that optimize simultaneously transmission rate and relative minimum distance. These conflicting requirements determine an asymptotic bound, which is a continuous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-10-28 Yuri I. Manin , Matilde Marcolli