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Learning the distribution of a continuous or categorical response variable $\boldsymbol y$ given its covariates $\boldsymbol x$ is a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning. Deep neural network-based supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-07 Xizewen Han , Huangjie Zheng , Mingyuan Zhou

Conditional diffusion models serve as the foundation of modern image synthesis and find extensive application in fields like computational biology and reinforcement learning. In these applications, conditional diffusion models incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hengyu Fu , Zhuoran Yang , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

In this work, we propose Causal Autoregressive Diffusion (CARD), a novel framework that unifies the training efficiency of ARMs with the high-throughput inference of diffusion models. CARD reformulates the diffusion process within a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Junhao Ruan , Bei Li , Yongjing Yin , Pengcheng Huang , Xin Chen , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Tong Xiao , JingBo Zhu

Training-free conditional diffusion models have received great attention in conditional image generation tasks. However, they require a computationally expensive conditional score estimator to let the intermediate results of each step in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Kaiyu Song , Hanjiang Lai

Despite the remarkable empirical success of score-based diffusion models, their statistical guarantees remain underdeveloped. Existing analyses often provide pessimistic convergence rates that do not reflect the intrinsic low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Saptarshi Chakraborty , Quentin Berthet , Peter L. Bartlett

Deep nonparametric regression, characterized by the utilization of deep neural networks to learn target functions, has emerged as a focus of research attention in recent years. Despite considerable progress in understanding convergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-01 Yuling Jiao , Lican Kang , Jin Liu , Heng Peng , Heng Zuo

Conditional diffusion models are powerful generative models that can leverage various types of conditional information, such as class labels, segmentation masks, or text captions. However, in many real-world scenarios, conditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nicolas Dufour , Victor Besnier , Vicky Kalogeiton , David Picard

Score-based generative modeling, implemented through probability flow ODEs, has shown impressive results in numerous practical settings. However, most convergence guarantees rely on restrictive regularity assumptions on the target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Gitte Kremling , Francesco Iafrate , Mahsa Taheri , Johannes Lederer

We consider a class of conditional forward-backward diffusion models for conditional generative modeling, that is, generating new data given a covariate (or control variable). To formally study the theoretical properties of these…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Rong Tang , Lizhen Lin , Yun Yang

Score-based diffusion models have demonstrated outstanding empirical performance in machine learning and artificial intelligence, particularly in generating high-quality new samples from complex probability distributions. Improving the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-30 Yuchen Jiao , Gen Li

We provide full theoretical guarantees for the convergence behaviour of diffusion-based generative models under the assumption of strongly log-concave data distributions while our approximating class of functions used for score estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Stefano Bruno , Ying Zhang , Dong-Young Lim , Ömer Deniz Akyildiz , Sotirios Sabanis

In this work, we propose a novel deep bootstrap framework for nonparametric regression based on conditional diffusion models. Specifically, we construct a conditional diffusion model to learn the distribution of the response variable given…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-12 Jinyuan Chang , Yuling Jiao , Lican Kang , Junjie Shi

The decision tree is a flexible machine learning model that finds its success in numerous applications. It is usually fitted in a recursively greedy manner using CART. In this paper, we investigate the convergence rate of CART under a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-27 Rahul Mazumder , Haoyue Wang

We present an novel framework for efficiently and effectively extending the powerful continuous diffusion processes to discrete modeling. Previous approaches have suffered from the discrepancy between discrete data and continuous modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yuxuan Gu , Xiaocheng Feng , Lei Huang , Yingsheng Wu , Zekun Zhou , Weihong Zhong , Kun Zhu , Bing Qin

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that revolve around the estimation of the score function associated with a stochastic differential equation. Subsequent to its acquisition, the approximated score function is then…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus , Marta Gentiloni Silveri

Harnessing the power of diffusion models to synthesize auxiliary training data based on latent space features has proven effective in enhancing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection performance. However, extracting effective features outside…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qilin Liao , Shuo Yang , Bo Zhao , Ping Luo , Hengshuang Zhao

We study conditional generation in diffusion models under hard constraints, where generated samples must satisfy prescribed events with probability one. Such constraints arise naturally in safety-critical applications and in rare-event…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhengyi Guo , Wenpin Tang , Renyuan Xu

Recent progress with conditional image diffusion models has been stunning, and this holds true whether we are speaking about models conditioned on a text description, a scene layout, or a sketch. Unconditional image diffusion models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-22 William Harvey , Frank Wood

Flow Matching, a promising approach in generative modeling, has recently gained popularity. Relying on ordinary differential equations, it offers a simple and flexible alternative to diffusion models, which are currently the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Lea Kunkel

Several issues in machine learning and inverse problems require to generate discrete data, as if sampled from a model probability distribution. A common way to do so relies on the construction of a uniform probability distribution over a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Quentin Merigot , Filippo Santambrogio , Clément Sarrazin
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