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Existing works based on molecular knowledge neglect the 3D geometric structure of molecules and fail to learn the high-dimensional information of medications, leading to structural confusion. Additionally, it does not extract key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Shi Mu , Chen Li , Xiang Li , Shunpan Liang

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess strong representation and reasoning capabilities, but their application to structure-based drug design (SBDD) is limited by insufficient understanding of protein structures and unpredictable molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuanning Hu , Anchen Li , Qianli Xing , Jinglong Ji , Hao Tuo , Bo Yang

Molecular representation learning plays a crucial role in advancing applications such as drug discovery and material design. Existing work leverages 2D and 3D modalities of molecular information for pre-training, aiming to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tengwei Song , Min Wu , Yuan Fang

Retrosynthesis, the process of breaking down a target molecule into simpler precursors through a series of valid reactions, stands at the core of organic chemistry and drug development. Although recent machine learning (ML) research has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haorui Wang , Jeff Guo , Lingkai Kong , Rampi Ramprasad , Philippe Schwaller , Yuanqi Du , Chao Zhang

With the emergence of diffusion models as a frontline generative model, many researchers have proposed molecule generation techniques with conditional diffusion models. However, the unavoidable discreteness of a molecule makes it difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jinho Chang , Jong Chul Ye

With the widespread application of multimodal large language models in scientific intelligence, there is an urgent need for more challenging evaluation benchmarks to assess their ability to understand complex scientific data. Scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yitong Zhou , Mingyue Cheng , Qingyang Mao , Yucong Luo , Qi Liu , Yupeng Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Deguang Liu , Xin Li , Enhong Chen

We present a modular framework powered by large language models (LLMs) that automates and streamlines key tasks across the early-stage computational drug discovery pipeline. By combining LLM reasoning with domain-specific tools, the…

n this work, we propose a latent molecular diffusion model that can make the generated 3D molecules rich in diversity and maintain rich geometric features. The model captures the information of the forces and local constraints between atoms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Xiang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in advancing healthcare. However, most existing models remain confined to single-image understanding, which greatly limits their applicability in clinical workflows. In practice,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhen Chen , Yihang Fu , Gabriel Madera , Mauro Giuffre , Serina Applebaum , Hyunjae Kim , Hua Xu , Qingyu Chen

Scaling large multimodal models (LMMs) to 3D understanding poses unique challenges: point cloud data is sparse and irregular, existing models rely on fragmented architectures with modality-specific encoders, and training pipelines often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yongyuan Liang , Xiyao Wang , Yuanchen Ju , Jianwei Yang , Furong Huang

Models based on machine learning can enable accurate and fast molecular property predictions, which is of interest in drug discovery and material design. Various supervised machine learning models have demonstrated promising performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Jerret Ross , Brian Belgodere , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Inkit Padhi , Youssef Mroueh , Payel Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to accelerate small molecule drug design due to their ability to reason about information from diverse sources and formats. However, their practical utility remains unclear due to the lack of…

Generative models, especially diffusion models (DMs), have achieved promising results for generating feature-rich geometries and advancing foundational science problems such as molecule design. Inspired by the recent huge success of Stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Minkai Xu , Alexander Powers , Ron Dror , Stefano Ermon , Jure Leskovec

Graph neural networks are emerging as promising methods for modeling molecular graphs, in which nodes and edges correspond to atoms and chemical bonds, respectively. Recent studies show that when 3D molecular geometries, such as bond…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Zhao Xu , Youzhi Luo , Xuan Zhang , Xinyi Xu , Yaochen Xie , Meng Liu , Kaleb Dickerson , Cheng Deng , Maho Nakata , Shuiwang Ji

Ligand-based drug design aims to identify novel drug candidates of similar shapes with known active molecules. In this paper, we formulated an in silico shape-conditioned molecule generation problem to generate 3D molecule structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ziqi Chen , Bo Peng , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Xia Ning

The rational design of molecules with desired properties is a long-standing challenge in chemistry. Generative neural networks have emerged as a powerful approach to sample novel molecules from a learned distribution. Here, we propose a…

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has significantly impacted various multimodal tasks. However, these models face challenges in tasks that require spatial understanding within 3D environments. Efforts to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Duo Zheng , Shijia Huang , Liwei Wang

Large language models have made remarkable progress in the field of molecular science, particularly in understanding and generating functional small molecules. This success is largely attributed to the effectiveness of molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-14 Zicheng Ma , Chuanliu Fan , Zhicong Wang , Zhenyu Chen , Xiaohan Lin , Yanheng Li , Shihao Feng , Jun Zhang , Ziqiang Cao , Yi Qin Gao

Language models are powerful tools for molecular design. Currently, the dominant paradigm is to parse molecular graphs into linear string representations that can easily be trained on. This approach has been very successful, however, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Daniel Flam-Shepherd , Alán Aspuru-Guzik
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