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Quantization is a widely used compression technique for reducing the memory and computation costs of large pre-trained models. A key challenge in per-channel post-training quantization (PTQ) is selecting appropriate scaling factors to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shihao Zhang , Rayan Saab

When training neural networks with simulated quantization, we observe that quantized weights can, rather unexpectedly, oscillate between two grid-points. The importance of this effect and its impact on quantization-aware training (QAT) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Markus Nagel , Marios Fournarakis , Yelysei Bondarenko , Tijmen Blankevoort

Due to their large size, generative Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant computing and storage resources. This paper introduces a new post-training quantization method, GPTQT, to reduce memory usage and enhance processing speed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yipin Guo , Yilin Lang , Qinyuan Ren

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a representative model compression method to reduce redundancy in weights and activations. However, most existing QAT methods require end-to-end training on the entire dataset, which suffers from long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Diffusion models have achieved significant visual generation quality. However, their significant computational and memory costs pose challenge for their application on resource-constrained mobile devices or even desktop GPUs. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Tianchen Zhao , Xuefei Ning , Tongcheng Fang , Enshu Liu , Guyue Huang , Zinan Lin , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Prevailing quantization techniques in Learned Image Compression (LIC) typically employ a static, uniform bit-width across all layers, failing to adapt to the highly diverse data distributions and sensitivity characteristics inherent in LIC…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Youneng Bao , Yulong Cheng , Yiping Liu , Yichen Yang , Peng Qin , Mu Li , Yongsheng Liang

Transformer-based architectures have become the de-facto standard models for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their memory footprint and high latency are prohibitive for efficient deployment and inference on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Yelysei Bondarenko , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Generative Pre-trained Transformer models, known as GPT or OPT, set themselves apart through breakthrough performance across complex language modelling tasks, but also by their extremely high computational and storage costs. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Elias Frantar , Saleh Ashkboos , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Transformer-based architectures like BERT have achieved great success in a wide range of Natural Language tasks. Despite their decent performance, the models still have numerous parameters and high computational complexity, impeding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ting Hu , Christoph Meinel , Haojin Yang

The diffusion model has gained popularity in vision applications due to its remarkable generative performance and versatility. However, high storage and computation demands, resulting from the model size and iterative generation, hinder its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Junhyuk So , Jungwon Lee , Daehyun Ahn , Hyungjun Kim , Eunhyeok Park

Neural network quantization aims to accelerate and trim full-precision neural network models by using low bit approximations. Methods adopting the quantization aware training (QAT) paradigm have recently seen a rapid growth, but are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ke Zhu , Yin-Yin He , Jianxin Wu

Quantization is of significance for compressing the over-parameterized deep neural models and deploying them on resource-limited devices. Fixed-precision quantization suffers from performance drop due to the limited numerical representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Jiacheng Jiang , Shuzhao Xie , Rongwei Lu , Xinzhu Ma , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

We present a framework for end-to-end joint quantization of Vision Transformers trained on ImageNet for the purpose of image classification. Unlike prior post-training or block-wise reconstruction methods, we jointly optimize over the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shile Li , Markus Karmann , Onay Urfalioglu

We introduces the Quantum-Train(QT) framework, a novel approach that integrates quantum computing with classical machine learning algorithms to address significant challenges in data encoding, model compression, and inference hardware…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces the memory footprint of LLMs by quantizing weights to low-precision datatypes. Since LLM inference is usually memory-bound, PTQ methods can improve inference throughput. Recent state-of-the-art PTQ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Albert Tseng , Qingyao Sun , David Hou , Christopher De Sa

Although weight and activation quantization is an effective approach for Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression and has a lot of potentials to increase inference speed leveraging bit-operations, there is still a noticeable gap in terms of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Dongqing Zhang , Jiaolong Yang , Dongqiangzi Ye , Gang Hua

Post-training Quantization (PTQ) technique has been extensively adopted for large language models (LLMs) compression owing to its efficiency and low resource requirement. However, current research lacks a in-depth analysis of the superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jiaqi Zhao , Ming Wang , Miao Zhang , Yuzhang Shang , Xuebo Liu , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang , Liqiang Nie

Model quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural network (DNN) inference, especially when deploying to edge or IoT devices with limited computation capacity and power consumption budget. The uniform bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Tao Wang , Junsong Wang , Chang Xu , Chao Xue

Quantization is an effective approach to reduce the memory footprint and inference cost of large language models (LLMs), yet maintaining performance in the ultra-low-bit regime remains challenging. Existing post-training methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Phong Nam Huu Nguyen , Khoi M. Le , Cong-Duy T Nguyen , Anh Tuan Luu , Thong Thanh Nguyen , Tho Quan