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The commonly used two-way fixed effects estimator is biased under correlated heterogeneity and can lead to misleading inference. The mean group estimator proposed by Pesaran and Smith (1995) is robust to correlated heterogeneity but…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-01 M. Hashem Pesaran , Liying Yang

This paper introduces a new fixed effects estimator for linear panel data models with clustered time patterns of unobserved heterogeneity. The method avoids non-convex and combinatorial optimization by combining a preliminary consistent…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-21 Martin Mugnier

This paper extends the linear grouped fixed effects (GFE) panel model to allow for heteroskedasticity from a discrete latent group variable. Key features of GFE are preserved, such as individuals belonging to one of a finite number of…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-27 Jorge A. Rivero

We propose a new estimator for average causal effects of a binary treatment with panel data in settings with general treatment patterns. Our approach augments the popular two-way-fixed-effects specification with unit-specific weights that…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-03-06 Dmitry Arkhangelsky , Guido W. Imbens , Lihua Lei , Xiaoman Luo

Heterogeneous panel data models that allow the coefficients to vary across individuals and/or change over time have received increasingly more attention in statistics and econometrics. This paper proposes a two-dimensional heterogeneous…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-22 Wei Wang , Xiaodong Yan , Yanyan Ren , Zhijie Xiao

We propose a Hausman test for the correct specification of unobserved heterogeneity in both linear and nonlinear fixed-effects panel data models. The null hypothesis is that heterogeneity is either time-invariant or, symmetrically,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-03 Claudia Pigini , Alessandro Pionati , Francesco Valentini

This paper focuses on estimating the coefficients and average partial effects of observed regressors in nonlinear panel data models with interactive fixed effects, using the common correlated effects (CCE) framework. The proposed two-step…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-04-27 Liang Chen , Minyuan Zhang

This paper proposes estimation and inference procedures for the quantiles of individual heterogeneous slope coefficients within panel data. We develop a two-step quantile estimation framework for analyzing heterogeneity in individual…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-26 Antonio F. Galvao , Ulrich Hounyo , Jiahao Lin

This paper studies estimation of causal effects in a panel data setting. We introduce a new estimator, the Triply RObust Panel (TROP) estimator, that combines (i) a flexible model for the potential outcomes based on a low-rank factor…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-11 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens , Zhaonan Qu , Davide Viviano

We propose a double/debiased machine learning framework to estimate average derivative effects in nonparametric panel models with two-way fixed effects. It extends instrumental variable methods to panel settings, handles continuous…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Peikai Wu , Kuan Sun , Zhiguo Xiao

In this paper, we propose a varying coefficient panel data model with unobservable multiple interactive fixed effects that are correlated with the regressors. We approximate each coefficient function by B-spline, and propose a robust…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-08 Sanying Feng , Gaorong Li , Heng Peng , Tiejun Tong

This paper studies the estimation of linear panel data models with interactive fixed effects, where one dimension of the panel, typically time, may be fixed. To this end, a novel transformation is introduced that reduces the model to a…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-13 Ayden Higgins

This paper develops a general method of inference for fixed effects models which is (i) automatic, (ii) computationally inexpensive, (iii) tuning parameter-free, and (iv) highly model agnostic. Specifically, we show how to combine a…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-23 Ayden Higgins

We study a ridge estimator for the high-dimensional two-way fixed effect regression model with a sparse bipartite network. We develop concentration inequalities showing that when the ridge parameters increase as the log of the network size,…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-08 Junnan He , Jean-Marc Robin

This paper proposes a model-free approach to analyze panel data with heterogeneous dynamic structures across observational units. We first compute the sample mean, autocovariances, and autocorrelations for each unit, and then estimate the…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-01-16 Ryo Okui , Takahide Yanagi

This article reviews recent advances in fixed effect estimation of panel data models for long panels, where the number of time periods is relatively large. We focus on semiparametric models with unobserved individual and time effects, where…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-03-29 Iván Fernández-Val , Martin Weidner

We study linear panel regression models in which the unobserved error term is an unknown smooth function of two-way unobserved fixed effects. In standard additive or interactive fixed effect models the individual specific and time specific…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-15 Hugo Freeman , Martin Weidner

This paper introduces unit-specific heterogeneity in panel data threshold regression. We develop the asymptotic theory for models with heterogeneous thresholds, heterogeneous slope coefficients, and interactive fixed effects. The estimation…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-27 Marco Barassi , Yiannis Karavias , Chongxian Zhu

Recent advances in causal inference have seen the development of methods which make use of the predictive power of machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we develop novel double machine learning (DML) procedures for panel data in which…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-03 Paul S. Clarke , Annalivia Polselli

This paper develops a Mean Group Instrumental Variables (MGIV) estimator for spatial dynamic panel data models with interactive effects, under large N and T asymptotics. Unlike existing approaches that typically impose slope-parameter…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-31 Jia Chen , Guowei Cui , Vasilis Sarafidis , Takashi Yamagata
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