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Causal inference with observational studies often relies on the assumptions of unconfoundedness and overlap of covariate distributions in different treatment groups. The overlap assumption is violated when some units have propensity scores…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-19 Shu Yang , Peng Ding

Meta-analysis aims to generalize results from multiple related statistical analyses through a combined analysis. While the natural outcome of a Bayesian study is a posterior distribution, traditional Bayesian meta-analyses proceed by…

Selection bias is a major obstacle toward valid causal inference in epidemiology. Over the past decade, several graphical rules based on causal diagrams have been proposed as the sufficient identification conditions for addressing selection…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-18 Yichi Zhang , Haidong Lu

The global functional brain network (graph) is more suitable for characterizing brain states than local analysis of the connectivity of brain regions. Therefore, graph-theoretic approaches are the natural methods to study the brain.…

Nonprobability (convenience) samples are increasingly sought to reduce the estimation variance for one or more population variables of interest that are estimated using a randomized survey (reference) sample by increasing the effective…

This paper describes types of errors arising in a recently proposed method of incidence estimation from prevalence data. The errors are illustrated by a simulation study about a hypothetical irreversible disease. In addition, a way of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-10-06 Ralph Brinks

We study regression adjustment with general function class approximations for estimating the average treatment effect in the design-based setting. Standard regression adjustment involves bias due to sample re-use, and this bias leads to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-17 Fangzhou Su , Wenlong Mou , Peng Ding , Martin J. Wainwright

Although asymptotic analyses of undirected network models based on degree sequences have started to appear in recent literature, it remains an open problem to study statistical properties of directed network models. In this paper, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Ting Yan , Chenlei Leng , Ji Zhu

Random-effects meta-analyses of observational studies can produce biased estimates if the synthesized studies are subject to unmeasured confounding. We propose sensitivity analyses quantifying the extent to which unmeasured confounding of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-10 Maya B. Mathur , Tyler J. VanderWeele

We study a family of regularized score-based estimators for learning the structure of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for a multivariate normal distribution from high-dimensional data with $p\gg n$. Our main results establish support…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Bryon Aragam , Arash A. Amini , Qing Zhou

A key question in many network studies is whether the observed correlations between units are primarily due to contagion or latent confounding. Here, we study this question using a segregated graph (Shpitser, 2015) representation of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yufeng Wu , Rohit Bhattacharya

Machine learning models can capture and amplify biases present in data, leading to disparate test performance across social groups. To better understand, evaluate, and mitigate these biases, a deeper theoretical understanding of how model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Arjun Subramonian , Samuel J. Bell , Levent Sagun , Elvis Dohmatob

Random-effects models are frequently used to synthesise information from different studies in meta-analysis. While likelihood-based inference is attractive both in terms of limiting properties and of implementation, its application in…

Applications · Statistics 2018-05-25 Sophia Kyriakou , Ioannis Kosmidis , Nicola Sartori

When estimating a proportion and only a sample of triplets is given, dependencies within the triplets are to be accounted for. Without assuming a distribution for the success count of the triplet, together with the proportion, as second and…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-11 Rafael Weissbach , Eric Scholz

Estimation of autocorrelations and spectral densities is of fundamental importance in many fields of science, from identifying pulsar signals in astronomy to measuring heart beats in medicine. In circumstances where one is interested in…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-01-22 C. H. Fleming , J. M. Calabrese

Meta-analysis is a powerful tool to synthesize findings from multiple studies. The normal-normal random-effects model is widely used to account for between-study heterogeneity. However, meta-analysis of sparse data, which may arise when the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Taojun Hu , Yi Zhou , Satoshi Hattori

Recent research in causal inference under network interference has explored various experimental designs and estimation techniques to address this issue. However, existing methods, which typically rely on single experiments, often reach a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-10 Qianyi Chen , Bo Li

Diffusion-based generative models demonstrate state-of-the-art performance across various image synthesis tasks, yet their tendency to replicate and amplify dataset biases remains poorly understood. Although previous research has viewed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Nathan Roos , Ekaterina Iakovleva , Ani Gjergji , Vito Paolo Pastore , Enzo Tartaglione

The intuitive motivation for employing a sibling comparison design is to adjust for confounding that is constant within families. Such confounding can be caused by variables that otherwise might prove difficult to measure, for example…

In particle physics, as in many areas of science, parameter inference relies on simulations to bridge the gap between theory and experiment. Recent developments in simulation-based inference have boosted the sensitivity of analyses;…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-23 Ezequiel Alvarez , Sean Benevedes , Manuel Szewc , Jesse Thaler