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We study the quantum modular properties of $\widehat Z{}^G$-invariants of closed three-manifolds. Higher depth quantum modular forms are expected to play a central role for general three-manifolds and gauge groups $G$. In particular, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-12 Miranda C. N. Cheng , Ioana Coman , Davide Passaro , Gabriele Sgroi

We derive a cut-and-paste surgery formula of Seiberg--Witten invariants for negative definite plumbed rational homology 3-spheres. It is similar to (and motivated by) Okuma's recursion formula [arXiv:math.AG/0610464, 4.5] targeting analytic…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2008-11-20 Gabor Braun , Andras Nemethi

We address two linked problems at the interface of quantum topology and number theory: deriving asymptotic expansions of the Witten--Reshetikhin--Turaev invariants for 3-manifolds and establishing quantum modularity of false theta…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Yuya Murakami

An invariant is introduced for negative definite plumbed $3$-manifolds equipped with a spin$^c$-structure. It unifies and extends two theories with rather different origins and structures. One theory is lattice cohomology, motivated by the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-03-09 Rostislav Akhmechet , Peter K. Johnson , Vyacheslav Krushkal

In this paper we study new invariants $\widehat{Z}_{\boldsymbol{a}}(q)$ attached to plumbed $3$-manifolds that were introduced by Gukov, Pei, Putrov, and Vafa. These remarkable $q$-series at radial limits conjecturally compute WRT…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Kathrin Bringmann , Karl Mahlburg , Antun Milas

We study formal series which are invariants of plumbed 3-manifolds twisted by root lattices. These series extend the BPS $q$-series $\widehat{Z}(q)$ recently defined in Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa, Gukov-Manolescu, Park, and further refined in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Allison H. Moore , Nicola Tarasca

Recently a set of $q$-series invariants, labelled by $\operatorname{Spin}^c$ structures, for weakly negative definite plumbed $3$-manifolds called the $\widehat{Z}_a$ invariants were discovered by Gukov, Pei, Putrov and Vafa. The leading…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Shimal Harichurn

The three-manifold topological invariants $\hat Z$ capture the half-index of the three-dimensional theory with ${\mathcal{N}}=2$ supersymmetry obtained by compactifying the M5 brane theory on the closed three-manifold. In 2019, surprising…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-12 Miranda C. N. Cheng , Ioana Coman , Piotr Kucharski , Davide Passaro , Gabriele Sgroi

We consider a connected negative definite plumbing graph, and we assume that the associated plumbed 3-manifold is a rational homology sphere. We provide two new combinatorial formulae for the Seiberg-Witten invariant of this manifold. The…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-10-07 András Némethi

We formulate a very general conjecture relating the analytical invariants of a normal surface singularity to the Seiberg-Witten invariants of its link provided that the link is a rational homology sphere. As supporting evidence, we…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Andras Nemethi , Liviu I Nicolaescu

$\hat{Z}$-invariants, which can reconstruct the analytic continuation of the SU(2) Chern-Simons partition functions via Borel resummation, were discovered by GPV and have been conjectured to be a new homological invariant of 3-manifolds…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-08 David H. Wu

In this paper, we prove a conjecture by Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa for a wide class of plumbed 3-manifolds. Their conjecture states that Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev (WRT) invariants are radial limits of homological blocks, which are $ q $-series…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Yuya Murakami

We introduce a two-variable refinement $\hat{Z}_a(q,t)$ of plumbed 3-manifold invariants $\hat{Z}_a(q)$, which were previously defined for weakly negative definite plumbed 3-manifolds. We also provide a number of explicit examples in which…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Song Jin Ri

The quantum modularity conjecture, first introduced by Don Zagier, is a general statement about a relation between $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ quantum invariants of links and 3-manifolds at roots of unity related by a modular transformation. In this…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Pavel Putrov , Ayush Singh

Finite-order invariants of knots in arbitrary 3-manifolds (including non-orientable ones) are constructed and studied by methods of the topology of discriminant sets. Obstructions to the integrability of admissible weight systems to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Victor A. Vassiliev

In this paper we further develop the theory of equivariant Seiberg-Witten-Floer cohomology of the two authors, with an emphasis on Brieskorn homology spheres. We obtain the following applications. First, we show that the knot concordance…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-06-06 David Baraglia , Pedram Hekmati

We study gauging operations (or group extensions) in (smeared) boundary conformal field theories (BCFTs) and bulk conformal field theories, and their applications to various phenomena in topologically ordered systems. We apply the resultant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-22 Yoshiki Fukusumi

In \cite{MR1957829}, Ozsv\'ath and Szab\'o use Heegaard Floer homology to define numerical invariants $d_{1/2}$ and $d_{-1/2}$ for 3-manifolds $Y$ with $H_{1}(Y;\mathbb{Z})\cong \mathbb{Z}$. We define involutive Heegaard Floer theoretic…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Peter K. Johnson

We introduce an invariant of negative definite plumbed knot complements unifying knot lattice homology, due to Ozsv\'ath, Stipsicz, and Szab\'o, and the BPS $q$-series of Gukov and Manolescu. This invariant is a natural extension of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Rostislav Akhmechet , Peter K. Johnson , Sunghyuk Park

Gukov--Pei--Putrov--Vafa conjectured the existence of $ q $-series whose radial limits are Witten--Reshetikhin--Turaev invariants and called them homological blocks. For weakly negative definite plumbed 3-manifolds, Gukov--Pei--Putrov--Vafa…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Yuya Murakami
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