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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

Deep learning has recently led to great successes in tasks such as image recognition (e.g Krizhevsky et al., 2012). However, deep networks are still outmatched by the power and versatility of the brain, perhaps in part due to the richer…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-03-25 David P. Reichert , Thomas Serre

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are well known as a promising energy-efficient alternative to conventional artificial neural networks. Subject to the preconceived impression that SNNs are sparse firing, the analysis and optimization of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Man Yao , Jiakui Hu , Guangshe Zhao , Yaoyuan Wang , Ziyang Zhang , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Neural-network processing in machine learning applications relies on layer synchronization. This is practiced even in artificial Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), which are touted as consistent with neurobiology, in spite of processing in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Roel Koopman , Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Mahyar Shahsavari , Guangzhi Tang , Manolis Sifalakis

Synaptic plasticity poses itself as a powerful method of self-regulated unsupervised learning in neural networks. A recent resurgence of interest has developed in utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) together with synaptic plasticity…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Samuel Schmidgall , Joe Hays

Brain-inspired machine intelligence research seeks to develop computational models that emulate the information processing and adaptability that distinguishes biological systems of neurons. This has led to the development of spiking neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Alexander Ororbia

Homeostatic mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining optimal functionality within the neural circuits of the brain. By regulating physiological and biochemical processes, these mechanisms ensure the stability of an organism's internal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yunduo Zhou , Bo Dong , Chang Li , Yuanchen Wang , Xuefeng Yin , Yang Wang , Xin Yang

Spatiotemporal flows of neural activity, such as traveling waves, have been observed throughout the brain since the earliest recordings; yet there is still little consensus on their functional role. Recent experiments and models have linked…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-03 T. Anderson Keller , Lyle Muller , Terrence J. Sejnowski , Max Welling

The recent discovered spatial-temporal information processing capability of bio-inspired Spiking neural networks (SNN) has enabled some interesting models and applications. However designing large-scale and high-performance model is yet a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Haowen Fang , Amar Shrestha , Ziyi Zhao , Qinru Qiu

Biological neurons and their in-silico emulations for neuromorphic artificial intelligence (AI) use extraordinarily energy-efficient mechanisms, such as spike-based communication and local synaptic plasticity. It remains unclear whether…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Timoleon Moraitis , Abu Sebastian , Evangelos Eleftheriou

In the present paper, I describe a spiking neural network (SNN) architecture which, can be used in wide range of supervised learning classification tasks. It is assumed, that all participating signals (the classified object description,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Mikhail Kiselev

We present a mathematical analysis of a networks with Integrate-and-Fire neurons and adaptive conductances. Taking into account the realistic fact that the spike time is only known within some \textit{finite} precision, we propose a model…

Biological Physics · Physics 2010-11-09 B. Cessac , T. Vieville

Brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) are recognized as a promising avenue for achieving efficient, low-energy neuromorphic computing. Direct training of SNNs typically relies on surrogate gradient (SG) learning to estimate…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiaqiang Jiang , Wenfeng Xu , Jing Fan , Rui Yan

Traditional artificial neural networks consist of nodes with non-oscillatory dynamics. Biological neural networks, on the other hand, consist of oscillatory components embedded in an oscillatory environment. Motivated by this feature of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Mark A. Kramer

The computation of rank ordering plays a fundamental role in cognitive tasks and offers a basic building block for computing arbitrary digital functions. Spiking neural networks have been demonstrated to be capable of identifying the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-12-02 Fabio Schittler Neves , Marc Timme

Practically everything computers do is better, faster, and more power-efficient than the brain. For example, a calculator performs numerical computations more energy-efficiently than any human. Yet modern AI models are a thousand times less…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Eugene Izhikevich

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) take inspiration from the brain to enable energy-efficient computations. Since the advent of Transformers, SNNs have struggled to compete with artificial networks on modern sequential tasks, as they inherit…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Matei Ioan Stan , Oliver Rhodes

Modern deep neural networks increasingly make use of features such as dynamic control flow, data structures and dynamic tensor shapes. Existing deep learning systems focus on optimizing and executing static neural networks which assume a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Haichen Shen , Jared Roesch , Zhi Chen , Wei Chen , Yong Wu , Mu Li , Vin Sharma , Zachary Tatlock , Yida Wang

Neuromorphic computing and, in particular, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become an attractive alternative to deep neural networks for a broad range of signal processing applications, processing static and/or temporal inputs from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Souvik Kundu , Rui-Jie Zhu , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Peter A. Beerel

Dynamic optimisation occurs in a variety of real-world problems. To tackle these problems, evolutionary algorithms have been extensively used due to their effectiveness and minimum design effort. However, for dynamic problems, extra…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Maryam Hasani Shoreh , Renato Hermoza Aragonés , Frank Neumann