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Federated Learning (FL) enables the utilization of vast, previously inaccessible data sources. At the same time, pre-trained Language Models (LMs) have taken the world by storm and for good reason. They exhibit remarkable emergent abilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Michael Theologitis , Vasilis Samoladas , Antonios Deligiannakis

While the recent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) technique enhances the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with the theory of mind, it might still struggle in handling logical reasoning that relies much on symbolic expressions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jundong Xu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , Qian Liu , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across various language tasks, but solving complex reasoning problems remains a significant challenge. While existing methods, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zhenni Bi , Kai Han , Chuanjian Liu , Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang

While Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning significantly improves Large Language Models (LLMs) performance on complex reasoning tasks, the substantial computational and memory costs of generating long CoT sequences limit their efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Liang Zhang , Yu Zhao , Longyue Wang , Tianqi Shi , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jinsong Su

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, rely on singular, pre-dominant reasoning paradigms, hindering their performance on intricate problems that demand diverse cognitive strategies. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zishan Ahmad , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

Data duplication within large-scale corpora often impedes large language models' (LLMs) performance and privacy. In privacy-concerned federated learning scenarios, conventional deduplication methods typically rely on trusted third parties…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Pukang Ye , Junwei Luo , Xiaolei Dong , Yunbo Yang

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising solution for collaborative training of large language models (LLMs). However, the integration of LLMs into FL introduces new challenges, particularly concerning the evaluation of LLMs.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuanqin He , Yan Kang , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but fine-tuning them for domain-specific applications often requires substantial domain-specific data that may be distributed across multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Large language models (LLMs) show great promise in healthcare, but their applications are hindered by data privacy restrictions and the challenges of cross-institution collaboration. Sensitive medical data cannot be centralized, while…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zeyu Chen , Yun Ji , Bowen Wang , Liwen Shi , Zijie Zeng , Sheng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities that render them valuable in different applications, including conversational AI products. It is paramount to ensure the security and reliability of these products by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Melissa Kazemi Rad , Huy Nghiem , Andy Luo , Sahil Wadhwa , Mohammad Sorower , Stephen Rawls

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive multilingual capabilities through pretraining on diverse corpora. Although these models show strong reasoning abilities, their performance varies significantly between languages due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Weihua Zheng , Xin Huang , Zhengyuan Liu , Tarun Kumar Vangani , Bowei Zou , Xiyan Tao , Yuhao Wu , Ai Ti Aw , Nancy F. Chen , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Conditional layout generation aims to automatically generate visually appealing and semantically coherent layouts from user-defined constraints. While recent methods based on generative models have shown promising results, they typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hengyu Shi , Junhao Su , Tianyang Han , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in a distributed manner poses significant challenges on resource-constrained edge networks. To address this challenge, we propose SflLLM, a novel framework that integrates split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Ye Hu , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities in complex problem-solving tasks, sparking growing interest in their application to preference reasoning in recommendation systems. Existing methods typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yang Zhang , Wenxin Xu , Xiaoyan Zhao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Tat-Seng Chua

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in cross-modal understanding and generation by integrating visual and textual information. While instruction tuning and parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Weiying Zheng , Ziyue Lin , Pengxin Guo , Yuyin Zhou , Feifei Wang , Liangqiong Qu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning successfully enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet it incurs substantial computational overhead for inference. Existing CoT compression methods often suffer from a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuntian Tang , Bohan Jia , Wenxuan Huang , Lianyue Zhang , Jiao Xie , Wenxi Li , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Xinghao Chen Rongrong Ji , Shaohui Lin

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has proven to be effective in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with at least 100 billion parameters. However, it is ineffective or even detrimental when applied to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chengcheng Han , Xiaowei Du , Che Zhang , Yixin Lian , Xiang Li , Ming Gao , Baoyuan Wang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) raises privacy concerns due to the risk of exposing sensitive training data. Federated learning (FL) mitigates this risk by keeping training samples on local devices, while facing the following…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zhichao You , Xuewen Dong , Ke Cheng , Xutong Mu , Jiaxuan Fu , Shiyang Ma , Qiang Qu , Yulong Shen

As an emerging technology, federated learning (FL) involves training machine learning models over distributed edge devices, which attracts sustained attention and has been extensively studied. However, the heterogeneity of client data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Hao Zhang , Tingting Wu , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu