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Mechanisms of immunity, and of the host-pathogen interactions in general are among the most fundamental problems of medicine, ecology, and evolution studies. Here, we present a microscopic, protein-level, sequence-based model of immune…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2007-11-22 Muyoung Heo , Konstantin B. Zeldovich , Eugene I. Shakhnovich

Somatic hypermutations of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes occuring during affinity maturation drive B-cell receptors' ability to evolve strong binding to their antigenic targets. The landscape of these mutations is highly heterogeneous, with…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-05 Natanael Spisak , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Thierry Mora

The human immune system depends on a highly diverse collection of antibody-making B cells. B cell receptor sequence diversity is generated by a random recombination process called "rearrangement" forming progenitor B cells, then a Darwinian…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-08 Duncan K. Ralph , Frederick A. Matsen

Quantifying biomechanical properties of the human vasculature could deepen our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. Standard nonlinear regression in constitutive modeling requires considerable high-quality data and an explicit form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Minglang Yin , Zongren Zou , Enrui Zhang , Cristina Cavinato , Jay D. Humphrey , George Em Karniadakis

Immune cells learn about their antigenic targets using tactile sense: during recognition, a highly organized yet dynamic motif, named immunological synapse, forms between immune cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Via synapses,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Miloš Knežević , Shenshen Wang

B cells signaling in response to antigen is proportional to antigen affinity, a process known as affinity discrimination. Recent research suggests that B cells can acquire antigen in membrane-bound form on the surface of antigen-presenting…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2010-03-09 Philippos K. Tsourkas , Subhadip Raychaudhuri

Lymphocyte selection is a fundamental operation of adaptive immunity. In order to produce B-lymphocytes with a desired antigenic profile, a process of mutation-selection occurs in the germinal center, which is part of the lymph nodes. We…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-01-28 Vuk Milisic , Gilles Wainrib

Deep clustering as an important branch of unsupervised representation learning focuses on embedding semantically similar samples into the identical feature space. This core demand inspires the exploration of contrastive learning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haifeng Xia , Hai Huang , Zhengming Ding

Many events in the vertebrate immune system are influenced by some element of chance. The objective of the present work is to describe affinity maturation of B lymphocytes (in which random events are perhaps the most characteristic), and to…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-05 Tamás Szabados , Gábor Tusnády , László Varga , Tibor Bakács

B cells encounter antigen over a wide affinity range. The strength of B cell signaling in response to antigen increases with affinity, a process known as "affinity discrimination". In this work, we use a computational simulation of B cell…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2012-02-22 Philippos K. Tsourkas , Somkanya C. Das , Paul Yu-Yang , Wanli Liu , Susan K. Pierce , Subhadip Raychaudhuri

How does immune system evolve functional proteins - potent antibodies - in such a short time? We address this question using a microscopic, protein-level, sequence-based model of humoral immune response with explicitly defined interactions…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2008-05-27 Muyoung Heo , Konstantin B. Zeldovich , Eugene I. Shakhnovich

B cells receptor (BCR) signaling in response to membrane-bound antigen increases with antigen affinity, a process known as affinity discrimination. We use computational modeling to show that B cell affinity discrimination requires that…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2010-12-14 Philippos K. Tsourkas , Wanli Liu , Somkanya C Das , Susan K. Pierce , Subhadip Raychaudhuri

Credit scoring models based on accepted applications may be biased and their consequences can have a statistical and economic impact. Reject inference is the process of attempting to infer the creditworthiness status of the rejected…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-27 Rogelio A. Mancisidor , Michael Kampffmeyer , Kjersti Aas , Robert Jenssen

Populations of isogenic embryonic stem cells or clonal bacteria often exhibit extensive phenotypic heterogeneity which arises from stochastic intrinsic dynamics of cells. The internal state of the cell can be transmitted epigenetically in…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 Sahand Hormoz , Nicolas Desprat , Boris I. Shraiman

Globular clusters (GCs) are powerful tracers of the galaxy assembly process, and have already been used to obtain a detailed picture of the progenitors of the Milky Way. Using the E-MOSAICS cosmological simulation of a (34.4 Mpc)$^3$ volume…

The fundamental understanding of how cells physically interact with each other and their environment is key to understanding their organisation in living tissues. Over the past decades several computational methods have been developed to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-22 Paul Van Liedekerke , Jiří Pešek , Kevin Alessandri , Dirk Drasdo

This paper considers neural representation through the lens of active inference, a normative framework for understanding brain function. It delves into how living organisms employ generative models to minimize the discrepancy between…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-24 Giovanni Pezzulo , Leo D'Amato , Francesco Mannella , Matteo Priorelli , Toon Van de Maele , Ivilin Peev Stoianov , Karl Friston

The relationship between brain structure and function is critical for revealing the pathogenesis of brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mapping brain structure to function connections is a very challenging task. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tong Zhou , Chen Ding , Changhong Jing , Feng Liu , Kevin Hung , Hieu Pham , Mufti Mahmud , Zhihan Lyu , Sibo Qiao , Shuqiang Wang , Kim-Fung Tsang

Generating training examples for supervised tasks is a long sought after goal in AI. We study the problem of heart signal electrocardiogram (ECG) synthesis for improved heartbeat classification. ECG synthesis is challenging: the generation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-30 Tomer Golany , Daniel Freedman , Kira Radinsky

We describe a probabilistic (generative) view of affinity matrices along with inference algorithms for a subclass of problems associated with data clustering. This probabilistic view is helpful in understanding different models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Romer Rosales , Brendan J. Frey