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With the growth in digital transformation and Internet usage, the Social Engineering techniques such as Phishing have become a major concern for the users and the organizations. Phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikhil Kumar Dora , Sumit Kumar Tetarave , Rishikesh Sahay , Madhusudan Singh , Xiaoqing Li

Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Apoorva Joshi , Levi Lloyd , Paul Westin , Srini Seethapathy

Cybersecurity is one of the global issues because of the extensive dependence on cyber systems of individuals, industries, and organizations. Among the cyber attacks, phishing is increasing tremendously and affecting the global economy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Md Robiul Islam , Md Mahamodul Islam , Mst. Suraiya Afrin , Anika Antara , Nujhat Tabassum , Al Amin

A phishing attack is a sort of cyber assault in which the attacker sends fake communications to entice a human victim to provide personal information or credentials. Phishing website identification can assist visitors in avoiding becoming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Farnoosh Shirani Bidabadi , Shuaifang Wang

Recently, the development and implementation of phishing attacks require little technical skills and costs. This uprising has led to an ever-growing number of phishing attacks on the World Wide Web. Consequently, proactive techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Chidimma Opara , Bo Wei , Yingke Chen

Phishing remains a critical cybersecurity threat, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) capable of generating highly convincing malicious content. Unlike earlier phishing attempts which are identifiable by grammatical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Deeksha Hareesha Kulal , Chidozie Princewill Arannonu , Afsah Anwar , Nidhi Rastogi , Quamar Niyaz

Phishing attacks remain a persistent threat to online security, demanding robust detection methods. This study investigates the use of machine learning to identify phishing URLs, emphasizing the crucial role of feature selection and model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Abdullah Fajar , Setiadi Yazid , Indra Budi

The escalating reliance on revolutionary online web services has introduced heightened security risks, with persistent challenges posed by phishing despite extensive security measures. Traditional phishing systems, reliant on machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Saba Aslam , Hafsa Aslam , Arslan Manzoor , Chen Hui , Abdur Rasool

In the realm of cybersecurity, phishing stands as a prevalent cyber attack, where attackers employ various tactics to deceive users into gathering their sensitive information, potentially leading to identity theft or financial gain.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Tamal Das

To address the challenging problem of detecting phishing webpages, researchers have developed numerous solutions, in particular those based on machine learning (ML) algorithms. Among these, brand-based phishing detection that uses models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jehyun Lee , Peiyuan Lim , Bryan Hooi , Dinil Mon Divakaran

Phishing websites pose a major cybersecurity threat, exploiting unsuspecting users and causing significant financial and organisational harm. Traditional machine learning approaches for phishing detection often require extensive feature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Georg Goldenits , Philip Koenig , Sebastian Raubitzek , Andreas Ekelhart

The emergence of online services in our daily lives has been accompanied by a range of malicious attempts to trick individuals into performing undesired actions, often to the benefit of the adversary. The most popular medium of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lukas Halgas , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Jason R. C. Nurse

Identifying deceptive content like phishing emails demands sophisticated cognitive processes that combine pattern recognition, confidence assessment, and contextual analysis. This research examines how human cognition and machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Paras Jain , Khushi Dhar , Olyemi E. Amujo , Esa M. Rantanen

Phishing has long been a common tactic used by cybercriminals and continues to pose a significant threat in today's digital world. When phishing attacks become more advanced and sophisticated, there is an increasing need for effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Catherine Lee

The increasing reliance on smartphones for communication, financial transactions, and personal data management has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, particularly smishing, a sophisticated variant of phishing conducted via SMS.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad , Ankit Kumar Jain , Nikhil Kumar Goel

Phishing is one of the most severe cyber-attacks where researchers are interested to find a solution. In phishing, attackers lure end-users and steal their personal in-formation. To minimize the damage caused by phishing must be detected as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-07 P. Kalaharsha , B. M. Mehtre

Web phishing remains a serious cyber threat responsible for most data breaches. Machine Learning (ML)-based anti-phishing detectors are seen as an effective countermeasure, and are increasingly adopted by web-browsers and software products.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Alsharif Abuadbba , Shuo Wang , Mahathir Almashor , Muhammed Ejaz Ahmed , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Phishing continues to be one of the most prevalent attack vectors, making accurate classification of phishing URLs essential. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising results in phishing URL detection. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Holly Trikilis , Pasindu Marasinghe , Fariza Rashid , Suranga Seneviratne

Phishing attacks are among emerging security issues that recently draws significant attention in the cyber security community. There are numerous existing approaches for phishing URL detection. However, malicious URL detection is still a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Pingfan Xu

The way we communicate and work has changed significantly with the rise of the Internet. While it has opened up new opportunities, it has also brought about an increase in cyber threats. One common and serious threat is phishing, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Furkan Çolhak , Mert İlhan Ecevit , Bilal Emir Uçar , Reiner Creutzburg , Hasan Dağ